PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Part 4: Sound in the Ocean

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Presentation transcript:

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Part 4: Sound in the Ocean GEOL 1033 (Lesson 29)

Depth determination (study Exercise #4) Echo sounder used SOUND IN SEAWATER Sound travels About 4 times faster in water than in air Approximately 1 500 m/s in water Depth determination (study Exercise #4) Half travel time X 1500 m/s = depth Echo sounder used Record depth profiles Detects deep scattering layers Obtain seismic profiles

Speed of Sound in Water “Typical” depth profile of sound speed in seawater

Speed of Sound in Water Arctic & Antarctic profile Lower latitude profile

SOFAR & Shadow Zone Effects of sound speed minimum and maximum:

SOFAR Channel Sound velocity minimum at about 1000 m depth at low to mid latitudes

SOFAR Experiment in 1991 Successful transmission of sound over great distance

Associated with a near-surface sound maximum speed depth Sound Shadow Zone Associated with a near-surface sound maximum speed depth At approximately 80 to 100 m Ideal detection

Sound "Shadow Zone" Due to Refraction

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