Do Now: Define Tribute System Key Terms/Questions: mercantilism, how rich a nation was depended on its balance of trade: whether it had more exports or more imports triangular trade route connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas in a triangle. It exchanged European goods for African slaves Objective: SWBAT identify all aspects of Mercantilism, Triangular Trade & the Middle Passage Lang Obj: SWBAT read and take notes ofconsequences of European Expansion & Colonization November 18, 2015 Title: European Expansion & Colonization

Consequences of European Expansion & Colonization Mercantilism, Triangular Trade, & The Middle Passage Mercantilism, Triangular Trade, & The Middle Passage

Economic Impact  Colonists set up plantations to raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, and livestock.  Products that were native to the Americas (potatoes, corn, cocoa, and tobacco) were also shipped to Europe  Columbian Exchange was the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas  Colonists set up plantations to raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, and livestock.  Products that were native to the Americas (potatoes, corn, cocoa, and tobacco) were also shipped to Europe  Columbian Exchange was the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas

Economic Competition Many European countries tried to get economic benefits for themselves  Portuguese expansion challenged the Italian states as chief entry point for eastern goods  Spanish established themselves in the Philippines  English fleets sailed to India and established trade on northwestern coast  Dutch arrived in India 1595 and formed the East India Company and competed with the English and Portuguese.  Dutch also formed the West India Company for trade in the Americas  Portuguese expansion challenged the Italian states as chief entry point for eastern goods  Spanish established themselves in the Philippines  English fleets sailed to India and established trade on northwestern coast  Dutch arrived in India 1595 and formed the East India Company and competed with the English and Portuguese.  Dutch also formed the West India Company for trade in the Americas

Growth of Colonies  European nations established many colonies in the Americas and the East.  Colony: settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with a parent country by trade and government control  Colonies and trading posts greatly increased international trade.  European nations established many colonies in the Americas and the East.  Colony: settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with a parent country by trade and government control  Colonies and trading posts greatly increased international trade.

Development of Trade  Colonies played an important role in the theory of mercantilism  Mercantilism: set of principles that believed that a nation’s prosperity (wealth) depended on a large supply of gold and silver (making a profit from trade $)  Balance of Trade: difference in value between what a nation imports (brings into their country) and what it exports (sends out of their country) over time  Colonies played an important role in the theory of mercantilism  Mercantilism: set of principles that believed that a nation’s prosperity (wealth) depended on a large supply of gold and silver (making a profit from trade $)  Balance of Trade: difference in value between what a nation imports (brings into their country) and what it exports (sends out of their country) over time

Favorable Balance of Trade  Nations want a favorable balance of trade - which means that the value of exported goods is greater than the value of imported goods In other words…  Nations wanted their goods to cost more in other countries (exported) and cost less in their own country (imported).  Nations want a favorable balance of trade - which means that the value of exported goods is greater than the value of imported goods In other words…  Nations wanted their goods to cost more in other countries (exported) and cost less in their own country (imported).

European Colonization  Catholic missionaries converted and baptized hundreds of thousands of Native Americans  They also brought parishes, schools, and hospitals  European religion, culture, language, and government replaced the Native American social and political structures

Effect on Native Americans  Queen Isabella of Spain declared all native peoples her subject gave right to the Spanish to use natives as laborers (workers)  The Spanish were supposed to protect the Native Americans but few actually did.  Forced labor, starvation, and disease killed a large population of Native Americans.  For example, Mexico’s population dropped from 25 million to 1 million after Spanish conquest and colonization.  Queen Isabella of Spain declared all native peoples her subject gave right to the Spanish to use natives as laborers (workers)  The Spanish were supposed to protect the Native Americans but few actually did.  Forced labor, starvation, and disease killed a large population of Native Americans.  For example, Mexico’s population dropped from 25 million to 1 million after Spanish conquest and colonization.

Slave Trade Begins  The demand for slaves grew with the European voyages to the Americas  Plantations were set up on the eastern coast of Brazil and on the islands of the Caribbean to grow sugar cane.  Because the small native population had died from European diseases, African slaves were imported to meet the need.  The demand for slaves grew with the European voyages to the Americas  Plantations were set up on the eastern coast of Brazil and on the islands of the Caribbean to grow sugar cane.  Because the small native population had died from European diseases, African slaves were imported to meet the need.

Triangular Trade  A Spanish ship carried the first boatload of African slaves to the Americas in  The slave trade grew a lot and became part of the New World economy’s triangular trade.  The pattern of triangular trade connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the Americas.  A Spanish ship carried the first boatload of African slaves to the Americas in  The slave trade grew a lot and became part of the New World economy’s triangular trade.  The pattern of triangular trade connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the Americas.

European merchants carried goods to Africa, were they traded for slaves. The slaves were shipped to the Americas and sold. European merchants the bought tobacco, molasses, sugar, and cotton for sale in Europe.

Slave Trade  An estimated 275,000 African slaves were exported during the 16th century.  Over 1 million were shipped in the 17th century and 6 million were shipped during the 18th century.  Up to 10 million slaves in total were shipped from Africa to the Americas.  One reason for the high numbers was the death rate.

The Middle Passage  Middle Passage: the journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade route.  Many died and of those who survived later died of disease after arriving in the Americas  The Middle Passage took anywhere from 2-5 months depending on the weather  Middle Passage: the journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade route.  Many died and of those who survived later died of disease after arriving in the Americas  The Middle Passage took anywhere from 2-5 months depending on the weather

The Middle Passage  The purchased Africans were usually packed into the ships transporting nearly 300 humans as cargo accompanied by approximately 35 crew.  The male captives were normally chained together in pairs to save space - right leg to the next man's left leg - while the women and children may have had somewhat more room.  The captives were fed very small portions of corn, yams, rice, and palm oil, normally just enough to sustain them.  Sometimes captives were allowed to move around during the day, but many ships kept the shackles on throughout the journey.  The purchased Africans were usually packed into the ships transporting nearly 300 humans as cargo accompanied by approximately 35 crew.  The male captives were normally chained together in pairs to save space - right leg to the next man's left leg - while the women and children may have had somewhat more room.  The captives were fed very small portions of corn, yams, rice, and palm oil, normally just enough to sustain them.  Sometimes captives were allowed to move around during the day, but many ships kept the shackles on throughout the journey.

The Affect on Africa  Some African rulers became concerned about the impact of the slave trade on their societies  In a letter to the king of Portugal, King Afonso of Congo said, “so great is the corruption that our country is being completely depopulated.”  These protests were ignored, and many other African rulers profited from the slave trade  Because the slave trade took the youngest and strongest from Africa it increased the local warfare  As the population decreased and warfare increased, the people lost faith in their gods, the art deteriorated, and human sacrifice increased.  Some African rulers became concerned about the impact of the slave trade on their societies  In a letter to the king of Portugal, King Afonso of Congo said, “so great is the corruption that our country is being completely depopulated.”  These protests were ignored, and many other African rulers profited from the slave trade  Because the slave trade took the youngest and strongest from Africa it increased the local warfare  As the population decreased and warfare increased, the people lost faith in their gods, the art deteriorated, and human sacrifice increased.