9. ENTERPRISE NETWORKING & THE INTERNET

ENTERPRISE NETWORK HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA RESOURCESHARDWARE; SOFTWARE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA RESOURCES MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE DESKTOPMORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE DESKTOP NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORKSNETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORKS*

INTERNETWORKING LINK NETWORKSLINK NETWORKS EACH RETAINS IDENTITYEACH RETAINS IDENTITY INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORKINTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK*

CLIENT / SERVER MODEL SPLITS PROCESSINGSPLITS PROCESSING CLIENTCLIENT SERVERSERVER

CLIENT USER POINT - OF - ENTRYUSER POINT - OF - ENTRY COMPUTER / WORKSTATION / LAPTOPCOMPUTER / WORKSTATION / LAPTOP USER INTERACTS WITH CLIENTUSER INTERACTS WITH CLIENT THRU GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)THRU GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) ENTER & RETRIEVE DATAENTER & RETRIEVE DATA ANALYZE & REPORTANALYZE & REPORT*

SERVER COMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S NEEDSCOMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S NEEDS NOT VISIBLE TO USERNOT VISIBLE TO USER PROCESSINGPROCESSING ACCESS TO DATABASESACCESS TO DATABASES*

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE DOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLYDOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLY AUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO - BUSINESS TRANSACTIONSAUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO - BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS*

CAPABILITY CAPABILITY FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED E -MAIL E -MAIL PERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARING PERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARING USERNET NEWSGROUPS USERNET NEWSGROUPS ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS CHATTING CHATTING INTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONS INTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONS TELNET TELNET LOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHER LOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHER GOPHERS GOPHERS LOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUS LOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUS ARCHIE ARCHIE SEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADING SEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADING WAIS WAIS LOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYS LOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYS FTP FTP TRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTER TRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTER WORLD WIDE WEB WORLD WIDE WEB HYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATION HYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATION INTERNET CAPABILITIES

INTERNET ADDRESS INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION NAME HOST COMPUTER LOCATION DOMAIN

RETRIEVAL ON THE INTERNET GOPHER: Character-oriented tool; Locates Text Thru Easy-to-use MenusGOPHER: Character-oriented tool; Locates Text Thru Easy-to-use Menus ARCHIE: Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Provides File NamesARCHIE: Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Provides File Names WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS (WAIS): Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Requires Database NamesWIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS (WAIS): Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Requires Database Names FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):Easy Tool for Transferring Remote FilesFILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):Easy Tool for Transferring Remote Files*

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) STANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE, FORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATIONSTANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE, FORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATION CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURECLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACEGRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE DYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER DOCUMENTSDYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER DOCUMENTS EXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USEEXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USE*

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):Hypertext Tool to Create Dynamic Links to Same or Other DocumentsHYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):Hypertext Tool to Create Dynamic Links to Same or Other Documents BROWSER: Tool Supports Graphics, Hyperlinks, to Navigate WebBROWSER: Tool Supports Graphics, Hyperlinks, to Navigate Web SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for Locating Sites, Information on Internet / WWWSEARCH ENGINE: Tool for Locating Sites, Information on Internet / WWW*

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) HOME PAGE: WWW Text / graphics Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces Organization; Starting Screen for DocumentHOME PAGE: WWW Text / graphics Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces Organization; Starting Screen for Document WEB SITE: All WWW Pages Maintained by an Organization.WEB SITE: All WWW Pages Maintained by an Organization.*

WWW ADDRESS http// GO TO WEB WEB SITE NAME TYPE OF ORGANIZATION

INTERNET BENEFITS TO ORGANIZATION REDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTSREDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTS ENHANCES COMMUNICATION; COORDINATIONENHANCES COMMUNICATION; COORDINATION ACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE DISTRIBUTIONACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE DISTRIBUTION ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

INTRANET INTERNAL NETWORKINTERNAL NETWORK WWW TECHNOLOGYWWW TECHNOLOGY FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent Invasion of Private NetworksFIREWALL: Security System to Prevent Invasion of Private Networks OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM DIFFERENCESOVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM DIFFERENCES OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTUREOFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE*

BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF INTRANETS BENEFITS: Standard Documents Always Current, Available. Less Expensive than PaperStandard Documents Always Current, Available. Less Expensive than Paper Can Create, Coordinate New DocumentsCan Create, Coordinate New Documents Virtual ConferencingVirtual Conferencing Project, Order Tracking SimplifiedProject, Order Tracking Simplified*

BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF INTRANETS LIMITATIONS: Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.: Payroll; Accounting; Production / Operations; Marketing)Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.: Payroll; Accounting; Production / Operations; Marketing) Too Slow for High-Speed Data TransferToo Slow for High-Speed Data Transfer Not yet as Functional as GroupwareNot yet as Functional as Groupware Require Tight Security Control and Careful Management PlanningRequire Tight Security Control and Careful Management Planning*

INTERNET CHALLENGES SECURITY: Exposure to Thieves & Vandals; Hackers Steal, Use Passwords; Not Yet Safe for Large Business TransactionsSECURITY: Exposure to Thieves & Vandals; Hackers Steal, Use Passwords; Not Yet Safe for Large Business Transactions TECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform Standards; Transfer of Graphics, Video can be CostlyTECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform Standards; Transfer of Graphics, Video can be Costly LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws Governing Electronic Commerce; Are e- mail Contracts, Electronic Signatures Legal?LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws Governing Electronic Commerce; Are e- mail Contracts, Electronic Signatures Legal?*

CONNECTIVITY MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to Function on Different Computer Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Systems, Applications, Protocols OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to Function on Different Computer Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Systems, Applications, Protocols*

CONNECTIVITY FOR NETWORKS REFERENCE MODEL: Generic Framework for Thinking About a ProblemREFERENCE MODEL: Generic Framework for Thinking About a Problem PROTOCOL: Statement of How Specific Task will be PerformedPROTOCOL: Statement of How Specific Task will be Performed STANDARD: Approved Reference Models & Protocols; Determined by Standard-setting GroupsSTANDARD: Approved Reference Models & Protocols; Determined by Standard-setting Groups*

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP) REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN APPLICATION: Provides Screen Presentations 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): Breaks Data into Datagrams 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, Sends Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Transmission to Increase Reliability *

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP) 4. NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles Addressing and Interface Between Computer & Network 5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines Electrical Transmission Characteristics for Sending Signal Along Networks to Destination *

OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI) INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODEL FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS & NETWORKS. LAYERS: 1. PHYSICAL: Transmission of Data over Medium 2. DATA LINK: Packaging, Transfer of Packets; Error Checking 3. NETWORK: Routing Packets Over WAN *

OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI) 4. TRANSPORT: Ensures Reliable Data Delivery 5. SESSION: Establishes Communication Links on Network 6. PRESENTATION: Code Conversion for Data Presentation 7. APPLICATION: Specialized User Functions (e.g.: Operating System; File Transfer; ) *

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA. WIDE RANGE OF SERVICE OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES. DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY & TELEPHONY (CCITT) DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY & TELEPHONY (CCITT)*

PROBLEMS POSED BY ENTERPRISE NETWORKING CONNECTIVITY PROBLEMSCONNECTIVITY PROBLEMS LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROLLOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGESORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER COMPUTINGHIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER COMPUTING NETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITYNETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITY*

SOME SOLUTIONS MANAGING THE CHANGEMANAGING THE CHANGE EDUCATION & TRAININGEDUCATION & TRAINING DATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINEDATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINE PLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITYPLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITY*

MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES Enterprise Networking Requires Change of MindsetEnterprise Networking Requires Change of Mindset Difficult to Enforce Connectivity StandardsDifficult to Enforce Connectivity Standards Centralization vs. De-CentralizationCentralization vs. De-Centralization