Ch. 2 “Cells” Section 2: “Viewing Cells” Pages 47 - 51.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 2 “Cells” Section 2: “Viewing Cells” Pages

EARLY MICROSCOPES Zacharias Janssen - made 1st compound microscope a Dutch maker of reading glasses (late 1500’s)

Leeuwenhoek made a simple microscope (mid 1600’s) magnified 270X Early microscope lenses made images larger but the image was not clear

Leeuwenhoek's microscope A) a screw for adjusting the height of the object being examined B) a metal plate serving as the body C) a skewer to impale the object and rotate it D) the lens itself, which was spherical

MODERN MICROSCOPES A microscope is simple or compound depending on how many lenses it contains A lens makes an enlarged image & directs light towards you eye

A simple microscope has one lens Similar to a magnifying glass Magnification is the change in apparent size produced by a microscope

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE A compound microscope has multiple lenses (eyepiece & objective lenses)

STEREOMICROSCOPE creates a 3D image

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION Powers of the eyepiece (10X) multiplied by objective lenses determine total magnification.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPES More powerful; some can magnify up to 1,000,000X Use a magnetic field in a vacuum to bend beams of electrons Images must be photographed or produced electronically

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Electron microscope image of a spider produces realistic 3D image only the surface of specimen can be observed Electron microscope image of a fly foot

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) produces 2D image of thinly sliced specimen detailed cell parts (only inside a cell) can be observed

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) able to show arrangement of atoms

CELL THEORY A theory resulting from many scientists’ observations & conclusions Sch wan n Sch leid en Virc how

CELL THEORY 1. The basic unit of life is the cell. (Hooke) In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of cork viewing plant cell walls Hooke named what he saw "cells"

CELL THEORY 2. All living things are made of 1 or more cells. Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants) Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying animals) stated that all living things were made of cells Schleiden Schwann

CELL THEORY 3. All cells divide & come from old cells. (Virchow) Virchow

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