Chapter 10 Database Management

Data and Information How are data and information related? p Fig Next processing data stored on disk Step 1. The member data, including a photograph, is entered and stored on the hard disk. Step 2. The computer extracts the member data from disk. Step 3. The receipt is created and printed.  Data is raw facts  Information is data that is organized and meaningful receipt  Computers process data into information

Add, change, and delete data Create database Sort and retrieve data Create forms and reports Data and Information What is a database? p Next Database software allows you to Collection of data organized so you can access, retrieve, and use it Database software also called database management system (DBMS) Click to view animation

The Hierarchy of Data What is a hierarchy? p Fig Next  Database contains files, file contains records, record contains fields, field contains characters

The Hierarchy of Data What is a field? p Fig Next  Combination of one or more characters  Smallest unit of data user accesses  Field size defines the maximum number of characters a field can contain  Field name uniquely identifies each field  Data type specifies kind of data field contains

The Hierarchy of Data What is a record? p Next Group of related fields Key field, or primary key, uniquely identifies each record

The Hierarchy of Data What is a data file? p Next  Collection of related records stored on disk key field recordsfields 22 Fifth Avenue P.O. Box Duluth Street Clark Street 1029 Wolf Avenue Address Auburn Clanton Prattville Montgomery City ALWeinbergJonah3928 ALMarcus4872 ALValesquezAdrian3376 ALMurrayShannon2928 ALVandenbergDonna2295 StateLast NameFirst NameMember ID Green

File Processing Versus Databases What are the strengths of the database approach? p Next Reduced data redundancy Improved data integrity Shared data Shared data Easier access Reduced development time

File Processing Versus Databases How do a database application and a file processing application differ in the way they store data? p Fig Next File Processing Example Database Example

Database Management Systems What is a query? p Fig Next  Request for specific data from a database  Query language consists of simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify data to display, print, or store Step 1. Select the fields you want to display in the resulting query. Step 2. Assign a name to the query, so you can open it later. Step 3. View query on the screen.

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases What is a data model? p Fig Next  Rules and standards that define how database organizes data  Defines how users view organization of data  Three popular data models  Relational  Object-oriented  Multidimensional DATA MODELS FOR POPULAR DBMSs

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases What is a relational database? p Fig Next Click to view Web Link, then click Relational Databases below Chapter 10  Stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns  Each row has primary key  Each column has unique name  Stores data relationships  Uses specialized terminology DATA TERMINOLOGY

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases What is a relationship? p Fig Next  Connection within data Click to view animation

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases What is Structured Query Language (SQL)? p Fig Next Click to view Web Link, then click SQL below Chapter 10  Allows you to manage, update, and retrieve data  Has special keywords and rules included in SQL statements SQL statement SQL statement results

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases What is a data warehouse? p Next Click to view Web Link, then click Data Warehouses below Chapter 10 Data mart is smaller version of data warehouse Uses multidimensional databases Often uses a process called data mining to find patterns and relationships among data Huge database system that stores and manages data required to analyze historical and current transactions Quick and efficient way to access large amounts of data

Web Databases What is a Web database? p Fig Next  Database you access through the Web by filling in a form on a Web page  Usually resides on a database server, a computer that stores and provides access to a database Click to view video

Web Databases How might a search engine interact with a Web database? p Fig Next Step 1. Browser sends search text to Web server. Step 2. Web server sends search text through a CGI script to database. Database retrieves list of hits that contains search text and sends it through CGI script back to Web server. Step 3. Web server sends list of hits to browser. Click to view video