Friedrich Steinhardt was born 28 November 1838 in Pommern, Germany. He married Henriette Hoft on 3 November Friedrich and Henriette spent their first years together at Waldhoff and would have been part of the Schwartow Gut. A ‘gut’ was like an English manor, where Friedrich would have worked. Here they had their children Mathilde, August, Friedrich and Franz. They then moved to Bergensin where their other children, Johanne, Julius and Hermann were born. Another daughter was born but her name is not known. They migrated to Queensland on board the ship Chyebassa in It is unknown exactly why Friedrich, his wife, and their eight children decided to leave Pommern. The family made their home in Prenzlau, near Minden, where he was later killed by a falling tree while clearing some scrub on his brother-in-laws farm. He had only been in Australia for 3 months and 28 days. Task A:

The Steinhardt family originated in the Lauenburg district, which is located in the far north east corner of the old German province of Pommern, also known as Prussia. Like most other people in this area, the Steinhardt’s were landless agricultural labourers who moved around a great deal following the work. The Lauenburg district consisted of large estates which require many agricultural labourers. However the industrial revolution resulted in new agricultural methods. Consequently, mechanisation resulted in large numbers of agricultural workers no longer being needed. In Queensland, severe labour shortages were being experienced after convict transportation from England ceased. It is assumed Friedrich migrated to Australia because of the lack of farm work in Germany and the farming opportunities that existed here in Australia. Between 1850 and 1890, thousands of Germans decided to come to Queensland, aboard sailing ships that in many cases were under provisioned and over loaded. Typhus ( a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas) commonly spread through the ships and many had no medical supplies. In 1865 immigration ceased for 3 years due to the high number of deaths on the ships. Eventually future immigrants were required to be sponsored by relatives already living in Australia. The German immigrants were highly valued and not scared off by hard work. The pioneer German women worked every bit as hard as the men.

Fact file Name of migrant : Friedrich Steinhardt Male, born 28 November 1838 Facts about Germany, Europe 1- The Capital of Germany is Berlin. 2- German currency is called Euro, 1 Euro = 100 cents. 3- Second most populated country in Europe with a population of 81.5 million people.

Language would have been difficult because most people spoke English in Australia. Australia is much bigger than Germany so they would have to travel a long way to go places. There wouldn’t have been many roads or shops here because there were not many people here like back in Germany. He had to do lots of hard work, like chopping trees down with an axe. He had to get use to the warmer climate/weather.

He had a big family with eight children, I only have three children in my family. My great granddad had 13 children in his family. His family was important to him. He brought his wife and all his children with him and he had relatives here already. I have heaps of cousins who live not far away from me. Friedrich was a Lutheran and I am too.