IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Cirrus Clouds triggered by Radiation Fabian Fusina ETH - Zurich 1 st EULAG Workshop - 9th October.

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Presentation transcript:

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Cirrus Clouds triggered by Radiation Fabian Fusina ETH - Zurich 1 st EULAG Workshop - 9th October 2008

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Content ● Introduction ● Motivation, Cirrus clouds, Radiation Transfer ● Model Description ● Results ● Reference Case ● Sensitivity Studies  Stability, wind-shear, RHi ● Conclusion

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Motivation

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Introduction ● High level clouds consisting purely of ice crystals. ● Ice Supersaturated Regions (ISSR) are potential cirrus formation regions. ● Homogenous freezing is probably the dominant freezing mechanism in low temperature / high altitude regimes (< 235 K) [Koop et al., 2004]. ● Cover approximately 20 – 30% of earth’s surface [Wylie & Menzel, 1999] ●  Cirrus clouds are important modulators of earths radiation budged! Cirrus Clouds

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Introduction ● Mainly formed by vertical updrafts ● Dynamical processes acting on various scales Cirrus Cloud Formation A superposition of different dynamical and microphysical processes on various scales influences the cirrus formation. ● Large-scale processes (synoptic-): e.g. frontal lifting, (radiative cooling/heating) ● Meso-scale processes: e.g. gravity waves ● Small-scale processes: e.g. microphysical processes, turbulence

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Introduction Radiation Transfer - ISSR 10km z(m) Cooling/heating due to radiation in ISSRs is a slow process (~ 2 K/d) SW LW

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Introduction Radiation Transfer

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Introduction Radiation Transfer 10km z(m) T↓ RHi ↑ ↓

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Model Description ● Only few parameterization for the physical correct formation of cirrus clouds driven by synoptic scale dynamics in global climate models (e.g. ECHAM, NCAR-Model). ● The impact of mesoscale and small-scale motion on cirrus clouds is not yet regarded. ●  Exclusive consideration of synoptic scale dynamics leads to an underestimation of the frequency of occurrence of cirrus clouds [Dean et. al., 2005]. State of the Art

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Model Description EULAG (“Eulerian, semi-Lagrangian numerical model for fluids”) – Resolution: – Spatial: x: 100m, z: 50m -- Model Domain: 12.8 x 15 km – Temporal: 1sek (dynamics), 100ms (ice physics), 10sek (radiation)

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Model Description EULAG (“Eulerian, semi-Lagrangian numerical model for fluids”) – Resolution: – Spatial: x: 100m, z: 50m -- Model Domain: 12.8 x 15 km – Temporal: 1sek (dynamics), 100ms (ice physics), 10sek (radiation) – Recently developed bulk ice microphysics scheme for the low temperature range (T < 235 K) including: – Nucleation (homogeneous/heterogeneous) – Deposition (growth/evaporation) – Sedimentation – Consistent double moment scheme (v T for ice crystal number and mass concentration)

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Model Description EULAG (“Eulerian, semi-Lagrangian numerical model for fluids”) – Implemented radiation code [Fu, 1996; Fu et al., 1998] ● Solar (SW) regime: 6 Bands ● Longwave (LW) regime: 12 Bands ● Uses spatial Resolution of EULAG within the Model Domain. ● 1 km Resolution above the model domain up to z = 50km

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Model Description EULAG (“Eulerian, semi-Lagrangian numerical model for fluids”) – Implemented radiation code [Fu, 1996; Fu et al., 1998] ● Solar (SW) regime: 6 Bands ● Longwave (LW) regime: 12 Bands ● Uses spatial Resolution of EULAG within the Model Domain. ● 1 km Resolution above the model domain up to z = 50km – Input: T, p, q v, O 3, IWC, N – Output: – Optical depth (for every grid-cell) – SW and LW up-/downward fluxes (for every grid-cell) – SW and LW Heating Rates (for every grid-cell)

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Setup Cirrus triggered by radiation ● Supersaturated region with RHi 140% ● Altitude: 10km, Thickness: 1km Experimental Setup (reference case): ● Radiation and temperature gauss-noise (σ ~ 0.1K) ● Vertical gradient of potential Temperature: +0.4 K/km θuRHi

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results – Reference Case RHi [%] / Ice water content [10 -6 kg/m 3 ] Cirrus triggered by radiation

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results – Reference Case RHi [%] / Ice water content [10 -6 kg/m 3 ] Cirrus triggered by radiation

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results – Reference Case Negative Brunt-Vaisala Frequency (N m 2 )!  unstable Cirrus triggered by radiation

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results – Reference Case Cirrus triggered by radiation w [m/s] IWP [kg/m 2 ]

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results – Sensitivity Studies Cirrus triggered by radiation Sensitivity Studies: - Stability static: dynamical:  / (Miles-Theorem) - RHi

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results dθzdθz du z RHi Cirrus triggered by radiation - IWP

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results Cirrus triggered by radiation – outgoing radiation TOA dθzdθz du z RHi

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Results – Sensitivity Simulations RHi Stability Cirrus triggered by radiation

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Conclusion ● 2-stream radiation transfer code implemented in EULAG ● Cooling/heating due to the emission of longwave radiation can trigger a cirrus cloud. ● The formation and evolution of this kind of cirrus clouds depends on the RHi of the ISSR and the stability (static and dynamic) of the stratification. ● The formed cirrus decrease the total outgoing radiation TOA (warming).

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Conclusion Outlook: ● Development of parameterisations of these (subgrid) effects for large-scale models Progress in this area will help to better determine the cirrus radiative forcing in the present climate and will allow more reliable predictions of cirrus clouds in a changing climate.

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Literature: ● Dean, S., B. Lawrence, R. Grainger, D. Heu, 2005: Orographic cloud in a GCM: the missing cirrus. Climate Dynamics 24, ● Fusina, F., P. Spichtinger, U. Lohmann, 2007: The impact of ice supersaturated regions and thin cirrus clouds on radiation. J. Geophys. Res., 112:D24S14, doi: /2007JD ● Fu, Q., Yang, P., Sun, W., 1998: An accurate parameterization of the infrared radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models. J. Climate 11, ● Koop, T., B. Luo, A. Tsias, T. Peter, 2004: Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions. Nature, 406, ● Spichtinger P., K. Gierens, 2008a: Mesoscale modeling of homogeneous and heterogeneous cirrus cloud formation and evolution using the EuLag model. Part 1: Model description and validation. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Diss., 8, Thank you for listening!

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Conclusion ● Pruppacher H.R., J.D. Klett, Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, 2 nd Edition. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Science Library. ● Wylie D.P., W.P. Menzel, Eight years of high cloud statistics using HIRS. A.M.S., Vol.12, Iss. 1, pp. 170 – 184.

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension

IACETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Extension