Cellular Respiration Converting Chemical Energy from Carbohydrates into Chemical Energy of ATP

I. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic ) Purpose: Break down glucose into energy usable by cells (ATP). This process occurs in the mitochondria of animal and plant cells. Equation for Cellular Respiration

34 2 Three steps of cellular respiration: Glycolysis: in cell’s cytoplasm. No need for Oxygen. C 6 H 12 O 6  2 C 3 compounds (pyruvic acid) + 2ATP. (reactant)(products) Why do you eat? Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria CO 2 H2OH2O 2 Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria CO 2 H2OH2O O2O2 2 H+H+ 34

Kreb’s Cycle: in cell’s mitochondria. Pyruvic acid is broken down into CO 2 in energy extracting reactions 2 C 3 compounds (pyruvic acid)  CO 2 + ATP + high energy e - Why do you breathe (inhale O 2 and exhale CO 2 )? Electron Transport Chain: in cell’s mitochondria. Uses high energy e - to produce ATP. Waste products of these reactions are low energy e - and H +. O 2 absorbed by plants, combines with e - and H + to make H 2 O (waste product) Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria CO 2 H2OH2O 2 Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria CO 2 H2OH2O O2O2 2 H+H+ 34

Energy Totals 36 ATP units are released from one glucose unit A unit of glucose molecules contains 686 kcal of stored energy. A unit of ATP stores 7.5 kcal. If 36 ATP units are released from the breakdown of glucose, how efficient is the transformation from energy stored in glucose to energy released as ATP? 36 X 7.5 Kcal = 270/686 = 39% 61% of glucose energy is released as heat: what a waste!

II. Relationships Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Breathing Oxygen is required for the electron transport chain to operate and ATP to be synthesized. Oxygen is taken in by humans as we breathe and carbon dioxide is released. Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis These are “opposite processes.” The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration and vice versa. Energy stored through photosynthesis is released through cellular respiration

Organize the following organism in the Venn diagram below: Performs photosynthesis Performs respiration Palm during daytime, palm tree during night time, human, lizard at night, green algae, dead leaf.

Organize the following organism in the Venn diagram below: Palm during daytime, Green algae Palm during night time, Human, Lizard at night Performs photosynthesis Performs respiration Dead leaf