STANDARD(S) ADRESSED: 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism. 2.Describe how the United States acquired Alaska. 3.Summarize how the United States took over the Hawaiian Islands.

Section 1 Imperialism and America Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand. NEXT

Throughout the 19 th century America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean

IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA By 1880, many American leaders felt the U.S. should join European nations and establish colonies overseas Thus began America’s foray into Imperialism – the policy in which stronger nations extend control over weaker nations Chapter 10 Section 1 Imperialism and America

American Expansionism Global Competition Imperialism—policy of extending control over weaker nations In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, compete for China Japan joins race for China; U.S. decides to expand overseas Imperialism and America 1 SECTION NEXT Continued...

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism 1.Economic roots Industrial overproduction in the US led to the view that the country’s factories needed raw materials from abroad and that surplus US products needed to be sold in new markets.

WHY IMPERIALISM? 1) Desire for Military strength – Mahan advised strong navy 2) Thirst for new markets – to spur economy & trade 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority – a belief that Anglo-Saxons were superior

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism 2.Political and military roots The global military expansion of European Powers led to a US desire to do the same.

Thirst for New Markets U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume U.S. needs raw materials, new markets for goods Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression 1 SECTION NEXT continued American Expansionism

1 SECTION NEXT continued American Expansionism Belief in Cultural Superiority Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons Argue U.S. has duty to Christianize, civilize “inferior peoples”

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism 3.Racist roots Belief in the racial and cultural superiority of Anglo-Saxons led many to claim that the US had a responsibility to expand and spread Christianity and civilization.

American Expansionism Imperialism and America 1 SECTION NEXT Continued... Desire for Military Strength Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up navy to compete U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: 4.What did Admiral Mahan urge the United States to do to protect its interests? –Build up the US navy. –Increased naval power.

Chapter 10 Section 1 Imperialism and America A – How did European imperialism affect Africa? –Only two African nations remained independent; the rest of the continent was divided up among European nations.

The United States Acquires Alaska Early Expansion William Seward—Secretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million - has trouble convincing House to fund purchase - Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly” Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil 1 SECTION NEXT

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA In 1867, Secretary of State William Steward arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million Some thought it was a silly idea and called it “Steward’s Icebox” NEED ICE?

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Time has shown how smart it was to buy Alaska for 2 cents an acre Alaska is rich in

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

Chapter 10 Section 1 B – How did time prove that the purchase of Alaska was not an act of folly? –Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, and oil.

The United States Takes Hawaii The Cry for Annexation Since 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on way to China, India 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools, churches on islands Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor - becomes refueling station 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so will not have to pay duty 1 SECTION NEXT Continued...

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1875 –A treaty allows Hawaiian sugar to be sold in the US; duty-free (TAX-FREE) –American business leaders force the king to change Hawaii’s constitution, so that only the wealthy landowners have voting rights; –US forces Hawaii to allow an naval base at Pearl Harbor

U.S. TAKES HAWAII Hawaii had been economically important to Americans for centuries To avoid import taxes (tariffs), sugar growers pleaded for annexation The U.S. knew the value of the Islands – they had built a naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 Led by Sanford Dole, American annexed Hawaii in 1898 and it formally became a state in 1959

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1890 –The McKinley Tariff eliminates the duty-free status of Hawaii 1891 –Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii

Queen Liliuokalani VS. Sanford B. Dole

Chapter 10 Section 1 C – What factors led to the annexation of Hawaii in 1898? –U.S. ministers John L. Stevens organized a revolution that dethroned Hawaii’s queen in –American plantation owner Sanford B. Dole became head of the new govt. –In 1897 William McKinley became president – he favored annexation.

continued The United States Takes Hawaii The End of a Monarchy 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to landowners Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement With help of marines, business groups overthrow queen Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender power to queen - recognizes Republic of Hawaii Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims Hawaii U.S. territory 1 SECTION NEXT

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1897 –William McKinley becomes US president, favors annexation 1898 –Congress proclaims Hawaii American Territory

Chapter 10 Section 1 What three factors spurred American Imperialism? –Global competition for colonies –Desire for Military Strength – 3rd largest navy –Thirst for New Markets – need for raw materials

Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: How did Queen Liliuokalani’s main goal conflict with American imperialist’s goals? –“Hawaii for Hawaiians” – she wanted to remove the property requirement for voting. Led to Revolution