ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH INDICATORS FOR EUROPE: A PILOT STUDY OF INDICATORS OF AIR POLLUTION & HEALTH D Dalbokova, 1 M Sadeh, 2 M Krzyzanowski, 1 P Wilkinson 2 for the Environment & Health Indicators Project Group 1 WHO European Centre for Environment & Health, Bonn 2 London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
BACKGROUND Pilot of selected countries of WHO-European region Data on air pollution & health impacts Policy focus Three purposes: - monitoring - evaluating - formulating
OBJECTIVE To test the methods and systems for reporting indicators of air pollution and health and their usefulness to policy makers
ANALYSES (1)trends over time in emissions, pollution levels and upstream determinants (2)between-population comparisons of exposures and health impacts (3)the potential for reducing air pollution health impacts from realistic policy interventions
TRENDS & BETWEEN- POPULATION COMPARISONS
TRENDS IN DIESEL CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY
TRENDS IN INDICATORS, CZECH REPUBLIC
HEALTH IMPACT
YEARS OF LIFE LOST CALCULATION Quantitative risk assessment methods AirQ Country/population specific data: life tables ambient pollution (policy data) Exposure-response relationships from published literature Sensitivity analyses
Czech republic Germany Hungary Israel Netherlands Spain Switzerland YLL per 10^5 population PM2.5 (population weighted), µg.m-3 YLL/100,000 in starting year of simulation
Czech republic Germany Hungary Israel Netherlands Spain Switzerland YLL per 10^5 population PM2.5 (population weighted) / µg.m-3 YLL/100,000 in first 10 years
Czech republic Germany Hungary Israel Netherlands Spain Switzerland Loss of life expectancy PM2.5 (population weighted) / ug.m-3 Loss of life expectancy from age 30
ASSESSING POLICIES Realistic potential for change from policy interventions: (i)assume specified reductions in ambient pollutant concentrations (ii)estimate the effects of particular types of policy intervention on exposures to outdoor pollution for example from restriction of urban vehicle traffic.
Emissions Exposures (ambient concentrations) Health impacts Effect of policy intervention (measured/modelled) Decision process Costs Preferences
CONCLUSIONS Standardized data collection & analysis Comparisons useful, even with uncertainties Greatest utility if results linked to policy questions – modelling Ideal for the future further data on upstream determinants more countries addition of evidence on effect of interventions decision support framework or model