Overview of Geologic Hazards From water movement (coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From earth movement (earthquakes,

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Presentation transcript:

Overview of Geologic Hazards From water movement (coastal flooding from hurricanes, beach erosion, inland flooding, drought) From earth movement (earthquakes, mudflows, landslides, subsidence, expansive soils) From dangerous minerals (arsenic, asbestos, radon) From contaminated water (groundwater, surface water, distribution system water)

Magnitude and Frequency

Coastal Flooding

Living in harm’s way – behind the levee

Storm moves 30 mph Wind speed 120 mph Net 150 mph Net 90 mph Hurricanes

Katrina (Mississippi, Louisiana) Katrina2005$100 billion (Mississippi, Louisiana)

Property Damage Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes Cost refers to total estimated property damage RankHurricaneSeasonDamages, $billion 2 Ike2008 $29.5 1Katrina 2005 $108 4 Wilma2005 $21 7 Rita2005 $12 5 Ivan2004 $ Charley2004 $ Frances2004 $ Jeanne2004 $ Allison2001 $9 3 Andrew1992 $26.5 Source: NOAA[2]

Katrina: Fatalities > 1800

Levee design and construction inadequate

Geologic Changes – New Inlet

Hurricane Magnitude Saffir-Simpson scale IntensityWind speed mphStorm surge ft Category Category 296 to Category 3111 to Category Category 5> 155> 18

Hurricane Magnitude - Frequency Saffir-Simpson scale IntensityWind speed mphStorm surge ftNumber Category Category 296 to Category 3111 to Category Category 5> 155> 18 3

Hurricane Frequency

Hurricane Cyclicity Long-term trend

Remediation 1.Building codes 2.Levees 3.Evacuation

Inland Flooding --Cinti dead, one million homeless, $500 million in property damage (= $7.6 billion today)

Flood intensity – gage height

Flood Frequency (Cinti)

Remediation Flood wall Barrier dam

Beach Erosion Longshore drift

Beach Erosion -- Intensity

Beach Erosion -- Frequency

Beach Erosion -- Remediation Walls

Beach Erosion -- Remediation Nourishment

Earth Movement

Earthquakes

Earthquake Susceptibility

Earthquakes-- Frequency MagnitudeAcceleration# per year ,000

Remediation 1.Building codes

Landslides

Landslide frequency Cincinnati OH: remediation of landslides on public property Feet/yrDollars/yr Pier walls ,780 Mt Adams165044,489,926

Remediation Pier walls - $1000 per lineal foot

Subsidence

Volcanoes

Volcanoes -- Lahars

Lahars – magnitude (extent)

Lahars – magnitude (thickness)

Lahars – frequency Mt Rainier recurrence intervals Large lahars (reach ocean) – 1000 years Intermediate (confined to apron of the mountain) – 100 years Small (confined to slopes) – 10 years

Dangerous minerals – Pb phosphate

Occurrence of Arsenic in Groundwater in US SW Ohio

Radon – enters home from soil

Contaminated water

Water Pollution – Inorganics in Groundwater GW flow

Significant solvent contamination has traveled through the groundwater outside the plant boundaries at Pristine. flow Water flow Water Pollution – Organics in Groundwater

Water Pollution – Magnitude

Water Pollution -- Surface Water GCWW intakes Proposed sewer outfall

Cryptosporidium

Water Pollution – From the distribution system Litharge Cu sulfate Mn oxide Plattnerite Litharge Cu sulfate Mn oxide Plattnerite + Mn oxide Pb carbonate

Water Pollution – From the distribution system

Pb islands

What do we do? 1.Understand the underlying geology 2.Calculate probability of an event 3.Estimate the severity of possible effects 4.Establish risk to populations & environment

What do we do? 5. Reducing the risk A.Avoidance B.Building codes C.Evacuation plans D.Removal of endangered structures E.Protective engineering