By Rini Agustin

 Introduction  Radioctive and How radioactive is produced : atom, radioactivity and radioactive decay  Radiopharmaceutical preparation  Label compound  Kit radiopharmacy  Quality control of radiopharmaceutical  Protection of Radiation  Clinical application of radiopharmaceuical in organ system of body Radio Pharmacy (2 SKS)

 Saha.B.Gopal,( 2004), Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy, fifth ed, New York.  Anonym ( 1994), Dep Kes RI, Farmakope Indonesia, ed IV  European Association of Nuclear Medicine, The Radiopharmacy : A technology Guide  cGRPP-guidelines, version2 March 2007,EANM Radiopharmacy Committee, Guidelines On Current Good Radiopharmacy Practice (Cgrpp) In The Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals

TrefoilTrefoil first appeared in 1946

SRA plus syndroma kutanius Chernobyl An accident in Radiography industry, in Yanango, Lima PERU Ir -192 (37 Ci / 1,37 TBq ), 20 Feb  What is on your mind if you hear radioactive ?

Radioactive/radioisotope is unstable isotope which are distinguishable by radioactive transformation. Isotope of an atom have the same number of protons (atomic number), but a different number of neutrons. nucleus: neutron proton nucleon X Z A A = mass number = proton + netron Z = atomic number  Do you know radioactive?

Radioactivity: the process in which an unstable isotope undergoes changes until a stable state is reached and in the transformation emits energy in the form of radiation (alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays). Radiation refers to particles or waves coming from the nucleus of the atom (radioisotope or radionuclide) through which the atom attempts to attain a more stable configuration.

1- Natural radioactivity: Nuclear reactions occur spontaneously (cosmic radiation, water, solar radiation, terrestrial radionuclides))

Radiation have used in health, Industry, Agriculture, Army, Power supply, Chemistry and nuclear medicine  In Health : Radiopharmaceuticals  Industry : Cs-137, Co-60, Ir-192 for radiography, Logging dan Gauging (Cs 137 & Co-60 ).  Agronomy : P-32, for fertilizer.  Army: Th-237, Cs-137  Nuclear medicine : organ Imaging, Gamma Camera, MRI Radioactive is not always something that we affraid of it, but it is also helpfull to human life

A radiopharmaceutical (Radiopharmacy) is a radioactive compound used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of human diseases ( Melichart, saha ) Radiopharmaceuticals

 In Nuclear Medicine - in the form of diagnostics, treatment, reasearch and clinical trials.  Radiopharmacy = Nuclear Pharmacy medicinal products for use in diagnosis and therapy = radiopharmaceuticals

Sagital

 Barium swallow – examination of upper GI tract  Non-imaging diagnostics Radioactive Isotope labelling for tracing  i.e. More specific tests for thyroid function, renal function and vitamin adsorption.  used in tracer techniques for measuring physiological parameters (e.g. 51 Cr-EDTA for measuring glomerular filtration rate).  Radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging (e.g. 99m TC-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) used in bone scanning, Non-osseus uptake Tc-99m MDP : Pulmonary Carcinoma).

 Chromic phosphate P32 for lung, ovarian, uterine, and prostate cancers  Sodium iodide I 131 for thyroid cancer  Samarium Sm 153 for cancerous bone tissue  Sodium phosphate P 32 for cancerous bone tissue and other types of cancers  Strontium chloride Sr 89 for cancerous bone tissue  Palliative treatment - refers to the management of symptoms when the underlying disease is untreatable or terminal. Radiotherapy may aid in prolonging the life of dying patients.

 The use of Radioactive in clinical application : in nuclear medicine and radiopharmacy, medicinal products used for diagnostic and therapy  It require very specialist radioactive substances, A specialist discipline, “Specials” licensure, specialist knowledge and skill