Envirothan study guide By Alexis Moore

 The leaf is broad, flat and not lobed.  Smooth bottom  Asymmetrical base  They are usually one to five inches long, and they turn yellow in the Fall. The upper part of the leaf is rough  The fruit is singled winged that has hair on it  Fruit ranges from oval to a circular shape

 American elm bark has ridges that criss cross, showing different layers of bark color,dark gray with deep ridges  Twig Description: reddish brown, slender

 American Elms grow in forests, fields, and along shores of streams. Their seeds are usually moved by wind or water  Average Height: 60-90ft  Average Width: 1/3 to 2/3 its height

 The Northern Red Oak grows to be 60' - 75' feet in height.  This oak has  rounded shape.  The Northern Red Oak has a spread of about 45' at full maturity

Acorn egg-shaped, with less than 1/3 covered by the flat, saucer like cup. Cup covered by reddish-brown, tightly overlapping scales. Leaves hairless, dull above, with bristle-tipped lobes. * Like all oaks, red oak has clustered end buds. broad, flat simple pinnately lobed bristle tips not deeply lobed thin leaves, lobes narrow toward tip

 The bark of the Northern Red Oak develops flat ridges with shallow furrows. The bark is dark gray and sometimes a black color with the furrows being a reddish color.  The twig is red-brown in color, with large, multiple, terminal buds that are covered with scales.

 The yellow poplar is also called the "tulip tree" because of its tulip-flower shaped leaves. It is one of the tallest (up to 120 feet!) and most distinctive eastern North American hardwood trees. Its long, arrow-straight trunk, which may be two to three feet in diameter, reaches high up into a small, oblong crown of branches and foliage.

 The yellow poplar flowers in the early spring (late April to early May on the Nature Trail). The flowers are large, cup shaped and showy with six greenish- yellow and orange petals. They are found at the ends of the leafy twigs high up in the tree canopy  These beautiful flowers are pollinated especially by honey bees

 The bark of a mature yellow poplar is dark gray and deeply furrowed into long, rough, interconnecting ridges that are separated by lighter gray fissures  The leaves are four to six inches in diameter with four lobes that are notched into the rough "tulip- flower" shape. The leaves are attached to their twigs and branches by long (five to six inch) petioles which allow the leaves to rotate very freely even in very light breezes.

 Mountain Laurel is an evergreen flowering shrub. It grows upright and has beautiful tough glossy foliage. The plants will set buds as early as fall. The buds progress into dainty candy like flowers In the spring (May though July).  Mature Spread: feet  Mature Height: feet  Mature Form: Upright, Round  Flower Color: White  Fall Color: Green

bell shaped flowers can be seen in a range of white to pink The leaves are light to dark green, and throughout some parts of the year they can be a dark purple. The leaves are oval shaped and are glossy in texture.

 Virginia creeper grows between 30 and 50 feet long, climbing up trees, walls, trellises, arbors and the side of buildings with its branching tendrils. These extensions from the vine's stem attach themselves to whatever is handy, using a suction-cup- like adhesive disk at the end of the tendril that sticks to any flat surface

The leaves are compound, with leaflets arranged like the spreading of fingers of a hand from one central point on a stem. Three to five 4 inch long leaflet makes up a single leaf. Virginia Creeper blooms from May into August, the flowers generate small Blue-Black fruits by September

 Height: in. (30-45 cm) in. (45-60 cm) in. (60-90 cm) in. ( cm  Bloom Time: Mid Spring Late Spring/Early Summer  Bloom Color: Pale Yellow Chartreuse (Yellow-Green) White/Near White  Solomon's Seal is a medicinal herb that has diverse healing properties