CCD Observations and Preliminary Analysis of the “End-of-the-Line” W UMa Eclipsing Binary V523 Cas Presenting Authors: Russell M. Genet, Orion Observatory Thomas C. Smith, Dark Ridge Observatory Contributing Authors: Dirk Terrell, Southwest Research Institute Laurance Doyle, SETI Institute

Program Overview First year “pilot” Concentrated on two W UMa binaries Complete light curves every night Often from two observatories Primary science goal Study changes in light curve shapes Secondary science goals Precise seasonal ephemeredes Consider hot “Jupiter” transits Technical goals Develop analytical tools Explore photometric precision

Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

W UMa’s Binaries Over contact Dissimilar stars Common envelope Yet nearly same temperature Very Different masses Huge transfer of energy Large to small

Color – Period Relationship

AW More evolved Higher masses Thicker envelopes Unevolved Lower masses Cannot achieve equilibrium Period changes Light curve variability Brighter star Dimmer star A and W Type W-UMa Binaries

W Type W UMa Variability Large Rosby number  Fast rotators  Long convection turnover times For single stars Late Slow rotator For W UMa Late Fast rotator Ideal “laboratories” for magnetic activity Revealed through changing light curves “Movies” instead of disjointed snapshots

Bright Northern Short Period W UMa’s

Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

Intrinsic Period Changes Angular Momentum Loss Gravitational radiation Mass loss Magnetic breaking Mass transfer between stars Applegate effect

Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

SETI Visit with Laurance Doyle

Barycenters

V523 Cas Long-Term O-C

CM Dra Program

Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

Transit Perspective II I Inclination Angle

High Inclination W UMa Stars

Solar Radii vs. Line-of-Sight Inclination Angle

Three Transit Plots

Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

Dark Ridge Observatory (DRO)

Orion Observatory (OO)

Image Reduction Flowchart

DRO/OO Observational Database 2004

Light-Curve Database

Raw Text File to Raw Excel 25K Sub buildPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database Dim myRs As Recordset Set myDb = CurrentDb() Set myRs = myDb.OpenRecordset("Select * from tblLightCurve", dbOpenDynaset) Do While Not myRs.EOF myRs.Edit myRs.Fields("Phase").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).phase myRs.Fields("Cycle").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).Cycle myRs.Update myRs.MoveNext Loop MsgBox "Done" End Sub Sub buildAdjustedPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database Raw Source Database 1a

Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

Analysis Considerations Specialized analysis Complete light curves only Many complete curves Multiple observatories Preliminary Analysis not completed No ensemble photometry yet Automation Not just labor efficiency Parametric outer loop In conjunction with WD (Terrell)

Edits and Adjustments

25K Database24,761 Bad Weather-3,232 C&K Zeros-54 3-Sigma Cuts-173 V-C Outliers-54 21K Database21,248 Edits and Adjustments

Beginning and Ending Database Rows

Typical DRO 21K Database Light Curve

Typical OO 21K Database Light Curve

Classical Analysis

Robert Nelson’s Minima23

V523 Cas Seasonal O-C

Phase-Binned Analysis

Eclipsing Binary Phases

HJD to Phase Transformation Epoch – JD Obs Period {} = Φ Epoch = Period =

21K Data Point Phase Plot V523 Cas

Phase Binning Epoch – JD Obs Period {} = Φ

Phase – Binned Analysis I...

Phase – Binned Analysis II... Difference Engine...

V523 Cas 2004 Season Master Curve Utilizing the Binning Method

Symmetry Analysis

Symmetry Algorithm … … Y 2 = Y 1 + (X 2 – X 1 )(Y 3 – Y 1 ) (X 3 – X 1 ) Σ N S=1 (Y 2 L – Y 2 R) =... …… N132N123 X1X1 X1X1 X2X2 X3X3 X2X2 X3X3 LeftRight Y1Y1 Y3Y3 Y2Y2 Y1Y1 Y3Y3 Y2Y2

Total Phase

Secondary Minima Narrow

First Maxima Narrow

Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

Making the Movie 35 pictures were created from the binned, zero-shifted V-C plots. The pictures have been arranged in chronological order to represent the nightly results and to show the night-to- night changes in the shapes of the light curves as compared to the master season curve created from all 21K observations. The following 35 frames represent a visual depiction of those changes in a somewhat dynamic show.

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots

Frame 1

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 2

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 3

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 4

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 5

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 6

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 7

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 8

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 9

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 10

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 11

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 12

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 13

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 14

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 15

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 16

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 17

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 18

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 19

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 20

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 21

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 22

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 23

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 24

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 25

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 26

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 27

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 28

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 29

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 30

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 31

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 32

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 33

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 34

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 35

Preliminary Conclusions Changes in light curve shapes Definite changes September to December Possible changes within August and September Small O-C variations Difficult to detect within season But likely between seasons May detect distant “Jupiters” (over several years) Transits Several W UMa candidates Detection difficult due to changing times of transit / spots

Potential Future Efforts Dirk Terrell, Darth’s other side! The Master Modeler… Photometric precision Parametric analysis / automation Data archives to AAVSO Give V1191 Cyg THE treatment Between season comparisions Wilson – Devinney Analysis With his extensive Galactic travels we asked the expert for his assistance with the WD analysis.

Questions & Answers Genet / Smith V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Report