IB Assessment Statements  Topic 6-3, Magnetic Force and Field State that moving charges give rise to magnetic fields Draw magnetic field patterns due to currents Determine the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

IB Assessment Statements  Topic 6-3, Magnetic Force and Field Determine the direction of the force on a charge moving in an electric field Define the magnetic field and direction of a magnetic field Solve problems involving magnetic forces, fields, and currents.

Objectives  Understand the meaning of magnetic field and find its magnitude and direction in simple situations involving straightline conductors and solenoids using the right-hand rule where appropriate

Objectives  Find the force on moving charges  and currents,  in magnetic fields and appreciate the definition of the ampere as a fundamental SI unit, using the right-hand rule for forces where appropriate.

Introductory Video

Electric Field, Magnetic Field  A charge will generate an electric field around itself  Any other charge (small positive test charge) that enters the field will experience a force on it = electric force

Electric Field, Magnetic Field  Same is true for a magnet or an electric current (moving charge)  Each of these produce a magnetic field around them  When another magnet or electric current enters the magnetic field, it will experience a force on it  Direction of magnetic field is determined by relation to magnetic field of the earth

Electric Field, Magnetic Field

Magnetic Fields  Magnetic fields are produced by permanent magnets and by electric currents

Magnetic Field from Coil

Magnetic Field from Solenoid

Magnetic Field from a Loop of Wire

Magnetic Field from a Straight Wire

Electric Field, Magnetic Field  Magnets and electric currents (moving charges) produce magnetic fields around them  When another magnet or electric current enters the magnetic field, it will experience a force on it

Force on a Current

Using the right hand place the thumb in the direction of the current and the fingers in the direction of the magnetic field. The direction away from the palm is the direction of the resulting force.

Force on a Current Current Field Force Thumb Fingers Palm

Force on a Length of Wire Θ is the angle between the current and the direction of the magnetic field

Force on a Length of Wire Θ is the angle between the current and the direction of the magnetic field I B θ

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

Work Done by Magnetic Force  None  Since the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the velocity, it cannot do work  Magnets in particle accelerators merely deflect or direct particles  Electric fields are used to increase the particle’s kinetic energy

Orsted’s Discovery  The magnitude of the magnetic field B created by the current in a wire varies linearly with the current in the wire and inversely with the perpendicular distance from the wire.

What does that remind you of?

Orsted’s Discovery

 µ 0 is the magnetic permeability of a vacuum  (ε 0 is the electric permittivity of a vacuum)

Orsted’s Discovery  Unit for the magnetic field is the tesla (T)  Magnetic field of the earth at the surface is T  A high voltage transmission line carrying a 2000 A current produces a magnetic field of 8x10 -5 T

Direction of the Magnetic Field

Strength of the Magnetic Field

Field Strength from Single Wire Loop

Field Strength from a Solenoid

Field Strength Between Two Current-Carrying Wires

 The force on each wire will be the same, even though the magnetic fields produced by each wire individually is different

Fun Facts:  The Ampere is defined through the magnetic force between two parallel wires. If the force on a 1m length of two wires that are 1m apart and carrying equal currents is 2x10 -7 N, then the current in each wire is defined to be 1 A.

Fun Facts:  The coulomb is defined in terms of the ampere as the amount of charge that flows past a certain point in a wire when a current of 1 A flows for 1 second.

Summary: Are you able to  Understand the meaning of magnetic field and find its magnitude and direction in simple situations involving straightline conductors and solenoids using the right-hand rule where appropriate

Summary: Are you able to  Find the force on moving charges  and currents,  in magnetic fields and appreciate the definition of the ampere as a fundamental SI unit, using the right-hand rule for forces where appropriate.

Homework  SL: #1-20, 23, 25-27,  HL: #1-32, skip 21, 22, 24, 28, 29