Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels Deriving Food Security Statistics from National Household Surveys: Experiences, Achievement and Challenges SIBRIAN, Ricardo FAO Statistics Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome - Italy

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels OUTLINE 1.EXPERIENCES 2. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES - food data issue - data requirement - recommendations - additional data - statistical framework 3. CHALLENGES 4. CONCLUSION AND REMARKS

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels EXPERIENCES 1.National Demonstration CentreNational Demonstration Centre 2. Technical Assistance for on-the-job training projectsTechnical Assistance for on-the-job training projects 3. International Demonstration CentreInternational Demonstration Centre MAP

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels EXPERIENCES National Demonstration Centres 1. Objectives : - Strengthen capability on food security analysis in countries - Allow countries to produce sub-national estimates - Derive relevant indicators applying computerized systems for analyzing appropriate household survey data 2. NDCs : - Asia (Bangkok, 2002), - Africa (Ghana, 2003 and Bamako 2007) - Eastern Europe (Sinaia, 2004) - Middle eat (Cairo, 2005) 3. Characteristics : - Technical workshop using HIES data - Involves one person from NSO and one person from national institution in charge of food security for each participating country 4. Main outcomes : - Improvement of the statistical procedures to derive FSS through the development of the FSSM - Importance of collecting, processing and reviewing inconsistencies of food quantities - Improvement of survey design for collection of food data in quantity

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels EXPERIENCES Technical assistance 1. Objectives : improving food security information for action 2. Trainings : 4 countries from CIS under EC-FAO programme : 4 countries from Africa and Asia under FIVIMS and World Bank : 13 countries from CIS, Africa, Asia and Caribbean under EC-FAO FSP 3. Characteristics - Technical workshop using national HIES data - Involves participants from NSO, national institution in charge of food security, nutrition, agriculture etc Outcomes: - National seminar joining users and producers of FSS - Technical summary report on food insecurity assessment based on food consumption statistics derived from the NHS

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels EXPERIENCES International Demonstration Centre 1. Objectives : Capacity building in food security statistics at national and subnational levels in producing and using statistics and information for food security policies within a multisectoral framework 2. IDCs : - WBGS (2006) - Venezuela (2007) - Malawi, Mozambique (2007) 3. Characteristics - Located at FAO headquarters - One month training : process, analyse of national HIES and report writing and dissemination - Three participants from NSO, national institution in charge of food security, nutrition or agriculture etc Outcomes: - National seminar joining users and producers of FSS - Technical summary report on food insecurity assessment based on food consumption statistics derived from the NHS

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FAO HOUSEHOLD SURVEY PROGRAM 2007 Seychelles Mauritius Cape Verde NDCAsE NDCAsE_TA_ECFAOFSP NDCAsE_TA_FAOFIVIMS NDCAsE_FAO NDCAfE NDCAfE_TA_ECFAOFSP NDCAfF NDCEUE NDCNEE TAEC/FAOFSPF TAEC/FAOFSPR TA_ESS_IDC FAO TA_ESS FAO/W_BANK Palestine, O.T. Cuba Haiti NDCAfE_TAFAOFIVIMS EXPERIENCES

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data 2. Data requirement 3. Recommendations 4. Additional data 5. Statistical framework

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data 2. Data requirement 3. Recommendations 4. Additional data 5. Statistical framework

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES Received for free Away from home Own production Purchase ACQUISITION UTILIZATION Food Intake Stocks for business Animal feeding (pets and non-pets) Wasted Given away (workplace, other HHs, donations) NON CONSUMPTION 1. Food data SOURCES Private stocks (*) (*) tend to 0 over long period

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1.Food data Issue of Acquisition versus consumption Food acquisition refers to the consumption from an economic point of view and consists of acquisition of food items from purchased, own production, own stock (piled up from production or purchases) or received for free or as aid. Food consumption (or intake) refers to consumption from a nutritional point of view and consists of food items actually used for daily consumption by the household obtained from purchased, own stock from production or purchases, received as payment, received free or as aid etc.  Food acquisition under estimates food consumption (or intake) of low income HH and over estimate food consumption of high income groups example: Cape Verde IDRF 2001/02 (Pereira, Troubat and Sibrian 2007)Cape Verde IDRF 2001/02

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES Acquisition versus consumption Source: Cape Verde (IDRF 2001/02)Cape Verde

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data Scope, purpose and sample size of the NHS ICLS2003 with food security statistics as scope of HBS using data collected on food consumption and income data  Value added to: Poverty assessment National accounts CPI etc

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data Issue of acquisition versus consumption: estimating food consumption from food acquisition HBS food data collected as acquired as proxy of food consumption may under estimate actual consumption and over estimate food deprivation in low income households and the opposite in high income level households When the full sample survey provides data on food intake and food acquired then use food intake If intake is collected in a subsample of households the linear relationship between food intake and food acquisition permit the estimation of food intake in the total sample. ex: Cape Verde

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data Issue of acquisition versus consumption: estimating food consumption from food acquisition In Cape Verde intake and acquisition in a sub- sample of households allowed estimating intake from acquisition for the complete sample of households in the 2001/02 IDRF.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data 2. Data requirement 3.Recommendations 3. Recommendations 4. Additional data 5. Statistical framework

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 2. Data requirement - food sources - food description - exhaustive list of food items - standard unit of measurement - state of the food (raw, cooked, etc) - edible/purchase weight - food price for estimation of missing food expenditures - income and total consumption expenditure - sources and sources food consumption

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data 2. Data requirement 3. Recommendations 4. Additional data 5. Statistical framework

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 3. Recommendations  Modify survey designs and data collection procedures for adding food security statistics purpose as recommended by the ILO International Conference of Labour Statisticians in  Increase sample size to allow for sub national analysis (for example gender analysis)

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data 2. Data requirement 3. Recommendations 4. Additional data 5. Statistical framework

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 4. Additional data - Sex and age population structure - Attained heigh by sex and age  to derive Minimum Dietary Energy requirement (MDER) for different population group - cost of energy-yielding nutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrate) to estimate the cost of balanced MDER to compute the critical food poverty line

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 1. Food data 2. Data requirement 3. Recommendations 4. Additional data 5. Statistical framework

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 5. Statistical framework parametric approach to estimate food and income deprivation at national and subnational levels [Parametric versus non parametric approach (Sibrian, Naiken and Mernies, 2007)]Parametric versus non parametric approach (Sibrian, Naiken and Mernies, 2007

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels CHALLENGES 1- NHS improvement - Inclusion of food acquisition in several questionnaires for estimation of CPI and food acquisition for food security assessment - Collect data on food intake and food acquisition in a subsample to estimate food intake in the total sample - Collection of data on height in NHS every five years 2- Statistical capacity improvement 3- Policy analysis and interventions with impact on food security by bringing together multi-sectoral working groups of users and producers of food security statistics for decision making

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels CONCLUSIONS 1.NHS in countries are major sources of information for deriving food security statistics and indicators that can help in making decisions which can have a positive impact on food security. 2. NHS can incorporate food consumption, in addition to food acquisition and focus data collecting procedures, including household member characteristics. 3. NSO are able to process and analyze food security statistics and indicators, jointly with users, for the purpose of assessing and monitoring food insecurity at national and sub-national levels.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels THANK YOU