Founder Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. Progressing through the Stages of Change for Sustainablitity James O. Prochaska, Ph.D. Director and Professor Cancer Prevention Research Center University of Rhode Island

Stages of Change

Of the People alive in the world today, 500,000,000 will die of smoking

Percent of Smokers by Stage Across Three Different Samples SamplePrecont.Cont.Prep.N Rhode Island ,144 4 Worksites ,785 California ,534

Comparison of SPI Profiles for 6 Countries Laforge, R, Velicer W, Levesque D, Fava, J, Hill, D, Schofield, P, Fan, D, De Vries, H, Shisana, W, & Conner, M. (1998). Measuring support for tobacco control in selected areas of six countries. Tobacco Control: An International Journal, 7,

Stage of Change

Stage Transitions The pros and cons of changing across stages of change for 48 behaviors Hall, K. L. & Rossi, J. S. (2008). Meta-analytic examination of the strong and weak principles across 48 health behaviors. Preventive Medicine, 46,

PC A  1 S.D. PROS H Strong Principle of Progress: Progression from Precontemplation to Action is a function of approximately one standard deviation increase in the Pros of a healthy behavior change. Prochaska, JO. (1994). Strong and weak principles for progressing from Precontemplation to Action based on twelve problem behaviors. Health Psychology, 13,

Weak Principle of Progress: Progression from Precontemplation to Action is a function of approximately one- half of a standard deviation decrease in the Cons of a healthy behavior change. PC A  0.5 S.D. CONS H Prochaska, JO. (1994). Strong and weak principles for progressing from Precontemplation to Action based on twelve problem behaviors. Health Psychology, 13,

When social controls (including incentives) are used, programs have to help transform social controls into self controls. A. Air Force example with smoking