1 Goal Setting

2 Aims and Objectives ALL students will set themselves and others a goal ALL students will identify different types of goals MOST students will be able to explain goal usage and its impact on performance SOME students will critically analyse the use of goal setting on both team and individual performers 2

3 Activity One Why should we set goals? Think of its purpose, value, motivational property and use 3

4 Goal Setting Research Enhances performance Improves performance, winning, enjoyment Difficult, very difficult and moderately difficult goals were preferred Experienced participants were better at developing strategies Barriers include a lack of time, stress, fatigue, academic pressures and social relationships Females found goals to be more effective than males Goals were not written down

5 Features of Goal Setting Allows targets to be met Reduces stress and anxiety Controls arousal levels Provides motivation Improves confidence Allows attention to be directed Sustains effort Regulates effort

6 Activity two Set yourself some goals that relate to both sport and your current education. Once you have set these goals discuss them in your group Following discussion feedback to one person in your group regarding the goals they have set (are they good? can the be achieved? are they measurable? 6

7 Types of Goals Outcome or product goals Performance goals Process goals Short – term goals Long – term goals

8 Factors to consider when setting goals Specific Measured Agreed Realistic Time phased Exciting Recorded

9 Other factors The difficulty of the goals Evaluation Shared decisions

10 Why Goal Setting Works Goals direct attention Mobilise participants efforts Prolong participants persistence Foster development of new learning strategies

11 Principles of goal setting Set specific goals Set moderately difficult but realistic goals Set short – term and long – term goals Set performance and process as well as outcome goals Set practice and competition goals Record goals Develop achievement strategies Consider personality and motivation Foster an individuals goal commitment Provide goal support Provide evaluation and feedback

12 Designing a Goal – Setting System Preparation and planning Education and acquisition Implementation and Follow - up

13 Common Problems in Goal Setting Convincing participants to set goals Failing to set specific goals Setting too many goals Failing to adjust goals Failing to set performance/process goals Not providing follow up and evaluation

14 Summary Setting goals is important because it enhances performance levels The types of goals that are set should be discussed with performers Process goals are more effective than outcome goals alone Goals must be reviewed consistently to be effective 14