Agenda Character representation Numerical Conversions ASCII EBCDIC Between Upper & Lower Case Characters From Upper Case Character to Control Character 2

Character Representation Since computers are only designed to interpret binary data, textual information must somehow be converted to binary. In other words, a binary number is associated with each possible character 3

Character Representation There are two commonly recognized standards for data formats: EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

EBCDIC Characteristics: Used on IBM mini and mainframe computers 8 bit binary code associated with each character

ASCII Characteristics: Used on most “other” computers. System designed from a variety of computer manufacturers 7 bit code associated with each character Also, an 8 bit code used to provide an additional 128 characters (additional character set - printable & nonprintable characters)

ASCII & EBCDIC Tables We can represent various representation of characters by either standard by referring to tables. Note that tables are organized as hexadecimal numbers for reference Check my website for ASCII and EBCDIC Tables

Numerical Conversions (ASCII) To convert uppercase character to lowercase character: add 2016 to uppercase character or add 3210 to uppercase character subtract 2016 to lowercase character or subtract 3210 to lowercase character 4

Uppercase Letter to Control Character To convert uppercase character to corresponding control character add 4016 to uppercase character or add 6410 to uppercase character 5