Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 1 Molecular Geometry of Molecules with No Lone Pair(s) on the Central Atom

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 2 Molecular Geometry of Molecules with Lone Pair(s) on the Central Atom

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 3 Carbon Dioxide and Water CO 2 H2OH2O

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 4 Dipole Moments and Structure The net polarity is down; this is a polar molecule. There is no net polarity; this is a nonpolar molecule. Cis-1,2-dichloroethene Trans-1,2-dichloroethene

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 5 Formation of H 2 – Valence Bond Theory Two non-interacting hydrogen atoms Start of Interaction – Minimum Overlap Further Interaction – Intermediate Overlap Maximum Interaction – Maximum Overlap Bond has been formed – distance between nuclei is the bond length

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 6 sp 3 Hybridisation

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 7 Hybrid Orbitals

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 8 Bonding in Ethene

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 9 Sigma (  ) and Pi (  ) Bonds

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 10 Bonding in Ethyne

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 11 Bonding and Antibonding Molecular Orbitals in H 2 and the Energy-Level Diagram

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 12 Sigma and Pi Bonding from 2p Orbitals Sigma Bonding –Electron Density Along Nuclear Axis Pi Bonding –Electron Density Above and Below Nuclear Axis

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 13 Energy-Level Diagrams for H + 2, H 2, He + 2 and He 2

Chemical Bonding II – Molecular Geometry and Hybridisation of Atomic Orbitals General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 14 Energy-Level Diagram for Li 2