IIIIIIIV I. Introduction to Bonding Chemical Bonding C. Johannesson

A. Vocabulary zChemical Bond yattractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit ybonds form in order to… xdecrease potential energy (PE) xincrease stability C. Johannesson

A. Vocabulary C. Johannesson CHEMICAL FORMULA Molecular Formula Unit IONICCOVALENT CO 2 NaCl

A. Vocabulary C. Johannesson COMPOUND Ternary Compound Binary Compound 2 elements more than 2 elements NaNO 3 NaCl

A. Vocabulary C. Johannesson ION Polyatomic Ion Monatomic Ion 1 atom 2 or more atoms NO 3 - Na +

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson IONIC COVALENT Bond Formation Type of Structure Solubility in Water Electrical Conductivity Other Properties e - are transferred from metal to nonmetal high yes (solution or liquid) yes e - are shared between two nonmetals low no usually not Melting Point crystal lattice true molecules Physical State solid liquid or gas odorous

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson “electron sea” METALLIC Bond Formation Type of Structure Solubility in Water Electrical Conductivity Other Properties Melting Point Physical State e - are delocalized among metal atoms very high yes (any form) no malleable, ductile, lustrous solid

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson RETURN

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson RETURN

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson Ionic Bonding - Crystal Lattice RETURN

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson Covalent Bonding - True Molecules RETURN Diatomic Molecule

B. Types of Bonds C. Johannesson Metallic Bonding - “Electron Sea” RETURN

C. Bond Polarity zMost bonds are a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics. zDifference in electronegativity determines bond type. C. Johannesson

C. Bond Polarity zElectronegativity yAttraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons. yhigher e - neg atom   - ylower e - neg atom   + C. Johannesson

C. Bond Polarity zElectronegativity Trend (p. 151) yIncreases up and to the right. C. Johannesson

C. Bond Polarity zNonpolar Covalent Bond ye - are shared equally ysymmetrical e - density yusually identical atoms C. Johannesson

C. Bond Polarity zPolar Covalent Bond ye - are shared unequally yasymmetrical e - density yresults in partial charges (dipole) C. Johannesson ++ --

C. Bond Polarity C. Johannesson zNonpolar zPolar zIonic View Bonding Animations.Bonding Animations

C. Bond Polarity Examples: zCl 2 zHCl zNaCl C. Johannesson =0.0 Nonpolar =0.9 Polar =2.1 Ionic