IIIIII III. Periodic Trends (p ) Ch. 5 - The Periodic Table
A. Periodic Law zWhen elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic #, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals.
B. Chemical Reactivity zFamilies ySimilar valence e - within a group result in similar chemical properties
B. Chemical Reactivity zAlkali Metals zAlkaline Earth Metals zTransition Metals zHalogens zNoble Gases
zAtomic Radius ysize of atom © 1998 LOGAL zIonization Energy yEnergy required to remove one e - from a neutral atom. © 1998 LOGAL C. Other Properties
zElectron affinity yHow easy it is for a neutral atom to gain an electron zMelting/Boiling Point C. Other Properties
zAtomic Radius yIncreases to the LEFT and DOWN D. Atomic Radius
zWhy larger going down? yHigher energy levels have larger orbitals zWhy smaller to the right? yIncreased nuclear charge pulls e - in tighter D. Atomic Radius
What is ionization energy Ability of an element to lose an electron and become an ion Metals become ions- E. Ionization Energy © 1998 LOGAL
zIonization Energy yIncreases UP and to the RIGHT E. Ionization Energy
Cations zPositively charged atoms zMetals become cations zThese atoms have more (p+) then (e-) Fe +2
Anions znegatively charged atoms zNon metals zThese atoms have more electrons then protons Cl
zIonic Radius gets smaller yCations (+) xlose e - G. Ionic Radius of cations
© 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. yAnions (–) get larger xgain e - G. Ionic Radius
Ability of an element to gain an electron and become an anion Pattern is the same as ionization H. Electron affinity © 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
zElectron affinity yIncreases UP and to the RIGHT E. Electron affinity
zMelting/Boiling Point yHighest in the middle of a period. F. Melting/Boiling Point
zWhich atom has the larger radius? yBeorBa yCaorBr Ba Ca Examples
zWhich atom has the higher 1st I.E.? yNorBi yBaorNe N Ne Examples
zWhich atom has the higher melting/boiling point? yLiorC yCrorKr C Cr Examples
zWhich particle has the larger radius? ySorS 2- yAlorAl 3+ S 2- Al Examples