Agents of… What do fossils show? How can rock layers change? How do fossils form? How old are rock layers?

This agent of erosion can create moraines, kettle lakes, U-shaped valleys, etc.

GLACIERS

How are sea stacks, wave- cut cliffs, and sea caves formed?

Through waves impact and abrasion

Waterfalls form when water flows over _______ rock and further downstream, there is _________ rock.

HARD, SOFT

When wind loses energy, it can create deposits of sediment including…

SAND DUNES AND LOESS DEPOSITS

The agents of erosion can cause damage to farmers’ fields. When farmers plant different crops each season, they are using the _____________ method.

CROP ROTATION

I study fossils.

PALEONTOLOGISTS

The ________ __________ provides evidence about the history and past environments on Earth.

FOSSIL RECORD

By looking at fossils within certain areas, scientists can determine the __________ during that time period.

ENVIRONMENT

I got trapped in sticky tar. A scientist recently found me and I am an example of a _______________.

PRESERVED REMAIN

We found evidence of past activities of an ancient organism. We found a ___________.

TRACE FOSSIL

Gaps in the geologic period are ___________.

Unconformities

Many rock layers over the years have been lost due to what process?

EROSION

When forces inside Earth push rock layers toward each other, this can happen.

FOLDING

True or False. When the layers of Earth are uplifted and tilted, deposition cannot happen again.

FALSE. Deposition can happen again.

There are two ways that rock layers can change. They are _________.

1)FOLDING 2) UNCONFORMITIES

Most fossils form near ____________, lakes, or shallow seas.

SWAMPS

The hard parts of an organism usually remain after it dies. The hard parts can include _____________.

BONES TEETH WOODY STEMS SHELLS SEEDS

A fossil forms when _______.

An organism dies and is buried by sediment. The sediment slowly hardens into rock.

Daily Double: An extremely thin coating on rock that can provide fine details about the organism.

CARBON FILM

A cast forms when water deposits ______ and ________ into a mold.

MINERALS, SEDIMENT

The age of the rock compared to the ages of other rocks.

RELATIVE AGE

Clue – The bottom sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it.

THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION

Extrusions are always __________ than the rocks below it.

YOUNGER

DAILY DOUBLE TRUE OR FALSE. If FALSE, correct the underlined word. Intrusions are lava that may push into bodies of rock below the surface.

FALSE; MAGMA

Index fossils are used by scientists to determine the ____________ ________ of the rock layer in which they occur.

RELATIVE AGE