Notes : The Bohr Model & Happy Atoms/Ions. What atom (element) do you think this is? How can you tell?

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Presentation transcript:

Notes : The Bohr Model & Happy Atoms/Ions

What atom (element) do you think this is? How can you tell?

Bohr Model Diagrams Atom is always neutral (=numbers of e - and +) Electrons in an atom are arranged in energy levels (or shells) around the nucleus. Electrons in the 3rd energy level have more energy than electrons in the first energy level. Maximum # of electrons in the first energy level (shell) is 2. Max # of electrons in the second energy level (shell) is 8. The outermost energy level (shell) can never have more than 8 electrons in it (2,8,8,...). These outer electrons are called valence electrons.

Steps to drawing a Bohr model First step: Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each element. Second step: Represent the nucleus as a small circle and indicate the number of protons and neutrons. Third step: Making larger circles, arrange the electrons around the nucleus.

What atom (element) do you think this is? = = Proton Neutron

Electronegativity

Happy Atoms Atoms are “happy” (most stable) when they have a full shell (2,8,8,…) of electrons. To become happy, some atoms (usually metals) will give up their outermost electrons (valence electrons) to other atoms. This leaves them with fewer electrons than protons so that overall they have a 1+, 2+ or even 3+ charge. We call these atoms ions. Non-metals (right side of periodic table) will take electrons from metals to fill their outer shell. This means they have more electrons than protons so that they have a 1-, 2-, or 3- charge. These atoms are also ions.

The Making of an Ion Na 1+ Cl 1- I’m happy now. How about you? Yep.