Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra ir pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos ( ) Saulius Maskeliūnas Matematikos ir informatikos.

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Presentation transcript:

Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra ir pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos ( ) Saulius Maskeliūnas Matematikos ir informatikos institutas Akademijos 4, Vilnius LT-08663

MII2 Turinys 1.Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra (PGA) 2.Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų (PtP) samprata 3.PtP protokolų išsluoksniuotumas, hierarchinė tarpusavio priklausomybė 4.Išskirstyti skaičiavimai pasauliniame tinkle ir būsenas turinčios pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos (angl.: Grid Computing & stateful Web Services) 5.PtP tarpusavio suderinamumo užtikrinimas 6.PGA, pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų pavyzdžiai 7.PGA, PtP tolesnės raidos perspektyvos

MII3 1. Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra (PGA)

MII4 Programų sistemų architektūrų evoliucija M. Endrei, J. Ang, „IBM Redbooks Patterns: Service Oriented Architecture And Web Services“. IBM Redbooks,

MII5 Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra (PGA)

MII6 Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra IT transformation to Service-Oriented architecture. Bea White paper,

MII7 PGA – išskirstyta sistema Paslaugomis grindžiama architektūra yra išskirstytų sistemų rūšies, kuriose programiniai agentai are “paslaugos”. Išskirstytos sistemos susideda iš atskirų programinių agentų (komponentų), kurie veikia kartu realizuodami tam tikrų funkcijų visumą. Išskirstytų sistemų programiniai agentai gali veikti skirtingose programinėse aplinkose ir sąveikauti tarpusavyje naudojant kelių sluoksnių protokolus. Paslauga yra programinis agentas, vykdantis tam tikrą gerai apibrėžtą operaciją (t.y., “suteikia paslaugą"), kurį galima iškviesti už didesnės taikomosios programos konteksto ribų.

MII8 PGA apibrėžimai 1) A service oriented architecture (SOA) is one in which all entities are services and any operation visible to the architecture is the result of message exchange. Service is an entity that provides some capability to its clients by exchanging messages. Operations are defined in terms of message exchanges. I. Foster, C. Kessleman, S. Tueke “SOA” (Chapter 17 of “The Grid 2”) , 2) SOA, or Service-Oriented Architecture, is an architecture comprising 2.1) loosely coupled services, 2.2) described by platform-agnostic interfaces 2.3) that can be discovered and invoked dynamically. Frequently asked questions,

MII9 2.1) Laisvo susietumo samprata (1) Loosely coupled refers to defining interfaces such that they are independent of each other's implementation. In a loosely coupled system, you should be able to swap-out one of the components and replace it with another and cause no effect to the system. Frequently asked questions,

MII10 2.1) Laisvo susietumo samprata (2) Doug Kaye “Web Services Strategies”, in: Beyond the technology, IT strategies for implementation of Web services.

MII11 2.2) Nepriklausomumas nuo platformos The platform-agnostic interface means that a client on any platform (OS, language, hardware) can consume the service. Dynamic discovery implies some kind of registry where these services are listed, and which allows lookup. “Service-Oriented Architecture: A brief introduction”, archive, 2.3) Dinaminis radimas

MII12 PGA apibrėžimai (3) SOA is an application architecture within which all functions are defined as independent services with well-defined invokable interfaces that can be called in defined sequences to form business processes. 1.All functions are defined as services. This includes purely business functions, business transactions composed of lower-level functions and system service functions. This brings up the question of granularity. 2.All services are independent. They operate as "black boxes"; external components neither know nor care how they perform their function, merely that they return the expected result. 3.In the most general sense, the interfaces are invokable; that is, at an architectural level, it is irrelevant whether they are local (within the system) or remote (external to the immediate system), what interconnect scheme or protocol is used to effect the invocation or what infrastructure components are required to make the connection. The service may be within the same application or in a different address space within an asymmetric multiprocessor, on a completely different system within the corporate Intranet or within an application in a partner's system used in a B2B configuration. K. Channabasavaiah, K. Holley, E.M. Tuggle, Jr. “The case for developing a service-oriented architecture”, SearchWebServices.com, , bin/rd.pl/ftID ctID ?//originalContent/0,289142,sid26_gci964595,00.html

MII13 PGA koncepcinės rolės ir operacijos (1) Systinet Corp. “Introduction to Web Services Architecture”, 2002 wp_Systinet_SOA.pdf,

MII14 PGA koncepcinės rolės ir operacijos (2) Systinet Corp. “Introduction to Web Services Architecture”, 2002 wp_Systinet_SOA.pdf,

MII15 PtP funkcionavimo schema Systinet Corporation “Introduction to Web Services”, White paper, UDDI registras WSDL Nuoroda į aprašymą Paslau- gos var- totojas Paslaugos paieška Pasaulinio tinklo paslauga Nuoroda į paslaugą Paslaugos aprašymas SOAP XML pranešimai

MII16 PtP funkcionavimo schema M. Endrei, J. Ang, „IBM Redbooks Patterns: Service Oriented Architecture And Web Services“. IBM Redbooks,

MII17 PGA formatai ir protokolai Systinet Corp. “Introduction to Web Services Architecture”, 2002 wp_Systinet_SOA.pdf,

2.Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų (PtP) samprata

MII19 PtP apibrėžimas Pasaulinio tinklo konsorciumas (W3C): PtP yra programinė sistema, identifikuojama universaliu resursų identifikatoriumi (URI), kurios viešos sąsajos ir įsipareigojimai apibrėžiami ir aprašomi su XML. PtP apibrėžimą gali rasti kitos programinės sistemos. Šios sistemos po to gali sąveikauti su PtP (taip, kaip numato PtP apibrėžimas), naudojant pranešimus, perduodamus Interneto protokolais A Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Other systems interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP-messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards

MII20 PtP apibrėžimai ( WebServices.org apibrėžimas: Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos yra įpakuotos laisvai susietos įsipareigotos funkcijos, pateikiamos standartiniais protokolais. „Įpakuotos“ reiškia, kad funkcijų realizacija niekada nematoma iš išorės. „Laisvai susietos“ reiškia, kad pakeitus vienos funkcijos realizaciją nereikia keisti iškviečiančiosios funkcijos. „Įsipareigotos“ reiškia, kad funkcijų veikimo, sąveikos su funkcijomis bei jų įeities ir išeities parametrų aprašai yra pateikiami viešai. Minimieji standartiniai protokolai (pirmiausia turint omenyje W3C, OASIS standartus) yra atviri, plačiai publikuojami ir laisvai prieinami realizuoti visiems, kas tuo suinteresuoti.

MII21 PtP architektūros metamodelis

MII22 1) Pranešimai

MII23 2) Paslaugos

MII24 3) Ištekliai

MII25 4) Nustatyta tvarka

MII26 Neteisingas PtP supratimas Web services are frequently described as the latest incarnation of distributed object technology. Werner Vogels “Web Services Are NOT Distributed Objects: Common Misconceptions about Service Oriented Architectures” IEEE Internet Computing, Nov-Dec

MII27 Common Misconceptions about the fundamentals of Web Services Web Services Are Just Like Distributed Objects Web Services Are RPC for the Internet Web Services Need HTTP Web Services Need Web Servers Web Services Are Reliable Because They Use TCP Debugging Web Services Is Impossible Werner Vogels “Web Services Are Not Distributed Objects”, IEEE Internet Computing, Nov-Dec 2003, ( : )

MII28 PtP trys komponentai (1) The service is software that can process an XML document it receives through some combination of transport and application protocols. We don’t care: how this component is constructed, whether object-oriented techniques are used, or if it operates as a stand-alone process, as part of a Web or application server, or as a thin front end for a massive enterprise application. The only requirement is that the service be able to process certain well-defined XML documents. Werner Vogels “Web Services Are Not Distributed Objects”, IEEE Internet Computing, Nov-Dec 2003,

MII29 PtP trys komponentai (2) The XML document is the Web service’s keystone because it contains all the application-specific information that a service consumer sends to the service for processing. The documents a Web service can process are described using an XML schema; two processes engaged in a Web services conversation must have access to the same description to ensure that they can validate and interpret the documents they exchange. This information is commonly described using the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). Werner Vogels “Web Services Are Not Distributed Objects”, IEEE Internet Computing, Nov-Dec 2003,

MII30 PtP trys komponentai (3) The address, also called a port reference, is a protocol binding combined with a network address that a requester can use to access the service. This reference basically identifies where the service can be found using a particular protocol (for example, TCP or HTTP). … In principle, these three components are enough to build a Web service; in practice, however, there is a fourth component: the envelope. Werner Vogels “Web Services Are Not Distributed Objects”, IEEE Internet Computing, Nov-Dec 2003,

MII31 4-tas praktinis PtP komponentas Envelope could be considered optional, but it provides an extremely useful framework for managing the message exchange. The envelope is a message-encapsulation protocol that ensures that the XML document to be processed is clearly separated from other information the two communicating processes might want to exchange. For example, an intermediary could use the envelope to add routing and security information to the message without modifying the XML document. Werner Vogels “Web Services Are Not Distributed Objects”, IEEE Internet Computing, Nov-Dec 2003,

MII32 PtP architektūros technologijų sluoksniai

MII33 SOAP - paslaugomis grindžiamos architektūros protokolas [ angl.: Service Oriented Architecture Protocol] SOAP suteikia nesudėtingą ir neprieštaringą būdą siųsti XML pranešimus tarp lygiaverčių taikomųjų programų (angl. peer-to-peer communication). SOAP sudaro keturi komponentai: 1) apvalkalas, 2) transporto susiejimo karkasas, 3) kodavimo taisyklės ir 4) nutolusių procedūrų iškvietimo [RPC] atvaizdas. Š.m. birželio 24 d. SOAP 1.2 versijos specifikacija paskelbta kaip Pasaulinio tinklo konsorciumo rekomenduojamas XML protokolas. (žr.: ).

MII34 SOAP protokolas SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP is a communication protocol SOAP is for communication between applications SOAP is a format for sending messages SOAP is designed to communicate via Internet SOAP is platform independent SOAP is language independent SOAP is based on XML SOAP is simple and extensible SOAP allows you to get around firewalls SOAP will be developed as a W3C standard “SOAP Tutorial”, Refsnes Data, Service Oriented Access Protocol

MII35 SOAP pranešimo struktūra S. Chande “Introduction to WebServices” (Seminar on Semantic Web & Web Services, W3C Finland, ), Nokia. w3cseminar_sureshchande_6may2003.pdf

MII36 SOAP pranešimų poros pavyzdys “SOAP Tutorial”, Refsnes Data, 2004

MII37 Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų apibrėžimo kalba (WSDL) WSDL dokumentai aprašo pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų suteikiamas funkcijas, kaip jas vykdyti ir kur jos yra. WSDL dokumente apibrėžiami 5 pagrindiniai elementai: tipai (apibrėžiantys pranešimuose naudojamus duomenų tipus), pranešimai (apibrėžiančios pranešimų formatus), prievadų tipas (nurodantis realizuojamų operacijų rinkinį; kiekvienas operacijos įrašas apibrėžia operaciją ir su ja susietas įvesties ir išvesties pranešimus), susiejimas (kiekvienam prievadui nurodantis konkretų protokolą ir duomenų formatą; prievadas yra prievadų tipo egzempliorius) ir paslauga (apibrėžiama kaip susijusių prievadų rinkinys). WSDL sukūrė IBM ir Microsoft; WSDL 1.1 versija įteikta pasaulinio tinklo konsorciumui. (žr.: ).

MII38 PtP apibrėžimo kalba (WSDL) WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language WSDL is written in XML WSDL is an XML document WSDL is used to describe Web services WSDL is also used to locate Web services WSDL is not yet a W3C standard WSDL dokumento struktūra: “WSDL Tutorial”, Refsnes Data, 2004

MII39 WSDL dokumento struktūra S. Chande “Introduction to WebServices” (Seminar on Semantic Web & Web Services, W3C Finland, ), Nokia. w3cseminar_sureshchande_6may2003.pdf

MII40 WSDL moduliniai išplėtimai S. Chande “Introduction to WebServices” (Seminar on Semantic Web & Web Services, W3C Finland, ), Nokia. w3cseminar_sureshchande_6may2003.pdf

MII41 WSDL dokumento pavyzdys (1) “WSDL Tutorial”, Refsnes Data, 2004

MII42 WSDL dokumento pavyzdys (2) <soap:binding style="document“ transport= " /> “WSDL Tutorial”, Refsnes Data, 2004

MII43 PtP pavyzdys: Google Web APIs WSDL: SOAP: doSpellingSuggestion.xml – doSpellingSuggestionResponse.xml doGetCachedPage.xml – doGetCachedPageResponse.xml doGoogleSearch.xml – doGoogleSearchResponse.xml UDDI: m/GoogleSearch.wsdl

MII44 Universalus aprašymo, atradimo ir integravimo (UDDI) registras UDDI registrai registruoja ir kategorizuoja pasaulinio tinklo paslaugas, nurodydami verslo esybes, verslo paslaugas, susiejimo šablonus ir paslaugų tipus. UDDI registrai patys yra realizuojami kaip pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos. OASIS (t.y., Struktūrizuotos informacijos standartų kūrimo organizacija, e.verslo standartų pasaulinis konsorciumas) š.m. gegužės 20 d. patvirtino UDDI 2.0 versijos specifikaciją kaip OASIS atvirąjį standartą.

MII45 Universalus aprašymo, atradimo ir integravimo (UDDI) registras UDDI is a platform-independent framework for describing services, discovering businesses, and integrating business services by using the Internet. UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration UDDI is a directory for storing information about web services UDDI is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL UDDI communicates via SOAP UDDI is built into the Microsoft.NET platform “WSDL Tutorial”, Refsnes Data, 2004

MII46 PtP protokolų raida CBDI – IBM, 2001,

MII47 PtP raidos etapai Mark Colan “Using Web Services Today (for Tomorrow)”

MII48 Protokolus rekomenduojančios ir rengiančios institucijos W3C (XML, XML-Signature, XML-Encryption, SOAP, WSDL, …) OASIS (tik ‘E-Business’ tematikai: UDDI, WSBPL, WSRF, WS-Notification, …) IBM + Microsoft + kt. (didelė „WS-…“ standartų grupė) Liberty Alliance [Sun, Oracle, mobile Co., …] (Federated identity) Globus Alliance + IBM + kt. (“Stateful Web Services”) WS-I [visi, net ir OMG]: interoperability ( Basic, Security, Messaging,… profiles; testing tools, sample Web Services WG )

MII49 PtP protokolai L. Wilkes “The Web Services Protocol Stack”, CBDI Web Services Roadmap, Feb

MII50 PtP protokolų priėmimo raida Mainstream - Standard ratified, or wide scale de facto adoption Early adoption - More robust implementations available and protocol well into standards process, encourages production usage by end user organizations Experimentation - Early implementations provided by vendors permit experimentation, but are not recommended for production use. (e.g. technologies available from IBM Alphaworks do not support production use) Specification - Exists only as draft specification. Any usage requires hand coding. L. Wilkes “The Web Services Protocol Stack”, CBDI Web Services Roadmap, Feb

MII51 Nenusistovėjusių PtP standartų problemos sprendimo įmonėse būdai Sanjay Gosain, Realizing the Vision for Web Services: Strategies for Dealing with Imperfect Standards. Proceedings of the Workshop on Standard Making: A Critical Research Frontier for Information Systems, John L. King and Kalle Lyytinen, (eds.), Seattle, WA, December 12-14, 2003, pp

3. PtP protokolų išsluoksniuotumas, hierarchinė tarpusavio priklausomybė

MII53 PtP protokolų sluoksniai (1) S. Chande “Introduction to WebServices” (Seminar on Semantic Web & Web Services, W3C Finland, ), Nokia.

MII54 W3C rekomenduojamas PtP protokolų sluoksnių rinkinys S. Chande “Introduction to WebServices” (Seminar on Semantic Web & Web Services, W3C Finland, ), Nokia.

MII55 PGA ir PtP protokolų sluoksniai (IBM) Mark Colan “Using Web Services Today (for Tomorrow)”

MII56 PGA ir PtP protokolų sluoksniai (IBM) M. Endrei, J. Ang, „IBM Redbooks Patterns: Service Oriented Architecture And Web Services“. IBM Redbooks,

MII57 PtP protokolų komponuojamumas D.F. Ferguson, T. Storey, B. Lovering, J. Shewchuk Secure, “Reliable, Transacted Web Services: Architecture and Composition”, IBM Corporation & Microsoft Corporation,

MII58 PtP protokolų sąveikos pavyzdys D.F. Ferguson, T. Storey, B. Lovering, J. Shewchuk Secure, “Reliable, Transacted Web Services: Architecture and Composition”, IBM Corporation & Microsoft Corporation,

MII59 Analogija tarp Interneto ir PtP protokolų Mario Jeckle, Erik Wilde “Identical Principles, Higher Layers: Modeling Web Services as Protocol Stack”, XML-Europe’04, 2004,

MII60 Į verslo paslaugas orientuota architektūra

4.Išskirstyti skaičiavimai globaliuose tinkluose ir būsenas turinčios PtP (angl.: Grid Computing & stateful Web Services)

MII62 Skaičiuojamieji tinklai (angl.: Grid Computing) Grid computing is a form of networking. Unlike conventional networks that focus on communication among devices, grid computing harnesses unused processing cycles of all computers in a network for solving problems too intensive for any stand-alone machine. Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data.

MII63 Išskirstytų skaičiavimų globaliuose tinkluose tematikos esama būsena T. Hey, G. Fox “The Future of the Grid - e-Science to e-Business”, CERNGridLectures5.ppt,

MII64 Išskirstytų mokslinių skaičiavimų globaliuose tinkluose architektūra T. Hey, G. Fox “The Future of the Grid - e-Science to e-Business”, CERNGridLectures5.ppt,

MII65 Globus Toolkit protokolai  OGSA I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J.M. Nick, S.Tuecke “The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration”,

MII66 OGSA: būsenas turinčių PtP veikimas I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J.M. Nick, S.Tuecke “The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration”,

MII67 WS-Resource Framework: specifikacijų šeima būsenas turinčioms PtP WS-Resource Framework (WS-RF) is a set of Web services specifications that define a rendering of the WS-Resource approach in terms of specific message exchanges and related XML definitions. The WS-Resource construct expresses the relationship between stateful resources and Web services. Specification documents that provide the normative definition of the framework: WS-ResourceProperties, WS-ResourceLifetime, WS-RenewableReferences, WS-ServiceGroup, and WS-BaseFaults. In addition, WS-Resource framework can support WS-Notification (set of specifications concerned with event notification). WS-RF specifications allow to declare and implement the association between a Web service and one or more identified, typed state components called WS-Resources; i.e.: (1) describe the means by which the type of a WS-Resource is defined and associated with a Web service description; (2) describe how the state of a WS-Resource is made accessible through a Web service interface; (3) define related mechanisms concerned with resource grouping and addressing

MII68 Atvirųjų standartų plėtra T. Hey, G. Fox “The Future of the Grid - e-Science to e-Business”, CERNGridLectures5.ppt,

MII69 Išskirstytų skaičiavimų globaliuose tinkluose numatoma raida T. Hey, G. Fox “The Future of the Grid - e-Science to e-Business”, CERNGridLectures5.ppt,

5.PtP tarpusavio suderinamumo užtikrinimas ( )

MII71 WS-I poreikis Web services has its foundations in XML, which itself is interoperable across all platforms and programming languages. However, because Web services leverages heavily on the extensible nature of XML, the interoperability aspect of Web services is significantly challenged. Most, if not all, vendors provide support for the established Web services standards. But, they are still motivated to provide added value to their customers in the form of advanced feature support for things such as security, reliability, transactions, and business process orchestration.

MII72 Reikiama PtP tarpusavio sąveika Across platforms, applications, and languages Consistent, reliable interoperability between Web services technologies from multiple vendors A standards integrator to help Web services advance in a structured, coherent manner

MII73 WS-I tikslai (1) Achieve Web services interoperability Across platforms, applications and languages Encourage Web services adoption Among customers, industries and end users Accelerate Web services deployment Promote a common, clear definition for Web services Integrate specifications from various standards bodies Provide a visible representation of conformance through use of WS-I logo

MII74 WS-I tikslai (2) Build industry consensus to reduce early adopter risks Provide a forum for end users to communicate requirements Act as a customer advocate to raise awareness of business requirements Offer implementation guidance and best practices Deliver tools and sample applications Provide a forum for Web services developers to collaborate and share expertise

MII75 WS-I darbo rezultatai (1) Profiles Named groups of specifications at given version levels with conventions about how they work together Use cases and usage scenarios Solution scenarios based on customer requirements Sample code and applications Test suites and supporting materials Conformance testing tools Supporting documentation and white papers

MII76 WS-I darbo rezultatai (2) BasicProfile-1.0intro.ppt, Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I)

MII77 WS-I bazinis profilis (1) SOAP 1.1, WSDL 1.1, UDDI 2.0, XML 1.0, XML Schema and HTTP 1.1 More than 200 interoperability issues resolved Conventions around messaging, description, discovery such as: Deprecation of RPC-encoded (use schema as the interoperable type system) Support and guidelines for RPC/lit Unique signatures for input messages Fault and error handling clarifications BasicProfile-1.0intro.ppt, Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I)

MII78 WS-I bazinis profilis (2)

MII79 WS-I, standartų organizacijos, verslas Businesses, Industry Consortia, Developers, End-Users Requirements Standards and Specifications Requirements Implementation Guidance

6. PGA, pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų pavyzdžiai

MII81 Populiarios PtP realizavimo priemonės PriemonėsPalaikomos OSProgramavimo kalba Apache SOAPUNIX, WindowsJava WASPUNIX, WindowsC++ GLUEUNIX, WindowsJava SOAP BEA WebLogicUNIX, WindowsJava MS SOAP ToolkitWindowsC++, VB, COM.NET FrameworkWindowsC#, VB.NET SOAP::LiteUNIX, WindowsPerl PocketSOAPWinCEC++ SOAP for ADALinuxAda Web Service BehaviorWindowsJavaScript, DHTML SOAPx4UNIXPHP Delphi 6WindowsDelphi KafkaWindowsXSLT Keith Ballinger „.NET Web Services: Architecture and Implementation“. Addison Wesley, 2003.

MII82 ‘Vadovėlinis’ PtP pavyzdys © Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų programų serveris Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų klientinės programos Apsaugos “siena” Sąveika per pasaulinį tinklą Bevielės pasaulinio tinklo taikomosios programos Vidinis UDDI registras Esamos COM, DCOM, RMI ar CORBA taikomosios programos Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų klientinės programos Pas.tinklo paslaugų programų serveris Pagr.kompiuteris DB

MII83 PtP Microsoft.NET aplinkoje Rasesh Trivedi, Web Services Architecture Models. White paper. RCG Information Technology, April 2002.

MII84 PtP J2EE aplinkoje naudojant IBM Rasesh Trivedi, Web Services Architecture Models. White paper. RCG Information Technology, April 2002.

MII85 Vandens išteklių valdymo informacinė sistema (pagrįsta pasaulinio tinklo paslaugomis)

7.Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų tolesnės raidos perspektyvos

MII87 Pasaulinio kompiuterių tinklo kartos 1.Pamatų padėjimas: HTML kalba derinyje su HTTP ryšio protokolu (WWW) [praeitame dešimtmetyje; Internetui Lietuvoje – 15 m.] 2.Save aprašančių dokumentų naudojimas, remiantis XML ir RDF kalbomis [prieš 5 metus] 3.Semantinio pasaulinio tinklo (angl.: "Semantic Web") kūrimo pradžia, siekiant paruošti galimybę automatinei semantinei kompiuterių tarpusavio sąveikai [šiuo metu]

MII88 Semantinio pasaulinio tinklo idėja Tikslas: automatinė kompiuterių tarpusavio sąveika bendrai priimtos terminijos pagrindu, naudojant: ontologijų kalbas, logikos formalizmus, loginio išvedimo galimybes. (Kitaip tariant, pereinama nuo kompiuterių skaitomos prie kompiuterių suprantamos informacijos). W3C papildomi reikalavimai: realizuojama XML bazėje semantinius teiginius išreiškiančios deklaratyvios kalbos turi būti RDF ir RDF Schemos antstatu

MII89 Semantinio pasaulinio tinklo architektūra (Tim Berners-Lee vizija)

MII90 XMLHTML SMIL XHTML RDF(S) PICS Deklaratyvios kalbos (OIL, DAML-Ont)  OWL DC Šiuo metu svarbiausios SPt kalbos

MII91 Pasaulinio tinklo ontologijų kalba (angl. Web Ontology Language, OWL) OWL yra Semantinio pasaulinio tinklo sudamoji dalis; ją kuria “W3C Web Ontology” darbo grupė DAML+OIL ontologijų kalbos pagrindu išleidžiama OWL reikalavimų dokumento 1 vers.; išleidžiama pirma OWL vadovo versija; W3C paskelbia OWL 1.0 versijos paskutinius darbinius juodraščius W3C paskelbia šešias OWL specifikacijas RDF ir OWL tampa W3C rekomendacijomis.

Semantinio pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos (SPtP) ir pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų inteletualizavimas ontologijomis

MII93 SPtP idėja (1) D. Fensel, Ch. Bussler. Semantic Web Enabled Web Services Informacijos radimo, gavimo, vaizdavimo, interpretavimo, palaikymo problemiškumas Pasaulinis tinklas (WWW) URI, HTML, HTTP Semantinis pasaulinis tinklas RDF, RDF(S), OWL Statinis pasaulinis tinklas

MII94 SPtP (2) D. Fensel, Ch. Bussler. Semantic Web Enabled Web Services Pasaulinis tinklas (WWW) URI, HTML, HTTP Semantinis pasaulinis tinklas RDF, RDF(S), OWL Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Dinaminis pasaulinis tinklas Statinis pasaulinis tinklas Kompiuterių skaičiuojamosios galios panaudojimas

MII95 SPtP (3) D. Fensel, Ch. Bussler. Semantic Web Enabled Web Services, Semantinis pasaulinis tinklas RDF, RDF(S), OWL Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Intelektualios pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos Pasaulinio tinklo naudojimas visu pajėgumu Dinaminis pasaulinis tinklas Statinis pasaulinis tinklas Pasaulinis tinklas (WWW) URI, HTML, HTTP

MII96 Ontologijų reikšmė (1) Ontologijos apibrėžia: 1) informacijos formaliąją semantiką, tapdamos kompiuterizuoto informacijos apdorojimo pagrindu; 2) realaus pasaulio semantiką, tuo leisdamos susieti kompiuterizuotai apdorojamą turinį su žmonėms suprantama informacijos prasme, remiantis bendrai sutarta terminija. To dėka, ontologijos suteikia programinių komponentų (tame tarpe ir pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų) intelektualios tarpusavio sąveikos galimybę, remiantis nuorodomis į tą pačią ar susijusią terminiją.

MII97 Ontologijų reikšmė (2) Ontologijomis gali būti aprašomos pasaulinio tinklo paslaugos ir jų sąsajos; sąsajų parametrai specifikuojami su atskiromis ontologinėmis sąvokomis. To dėka – ontologijos padeda integruoti skirtingas pasaulinio tinklo paslaugas į darnią visumą (užtikrinant tinkamą jų tarpusavio sąveiką, sprendžiant struktūrinio bei semantinio nevienalytiškumo, skirtingumo problemas).

MII98 Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų ontologija DAML-S ( ) DAML-S numato, kad trys svarbiausios žinių apie pasaulinio tinklo paslaugas rūšys yra paslaugos profilis („ką paslauga daro?“), modelis („kaip paslauga veikia?“) ir išmokymas („kaip kreiptis į paslaugą?“). Naudojant su DAML-S grindžiamus programinius agentus galima automatizuoti PtP radimą, iškvietimą, komponavimą, tarpusavio sąveiką ir vykdymo priežiūrą. DAML-S yra sukurtas DAML+OIL pagrindu (tiesiog tai yra viena iš galimų DAML+OIL ontologijų); vėlesnes DAML-S versijas numatoma kurti OWL kalba.

MII99 Pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų modeliavimo karkasas (WSMF) WSMF skirtas pasaulinio tinklo paslaugų kūrimui, aprašymui ir jų komponavimui į sudėtingas PtP. WSMF suteikia galingas PtP visavertiško koncepcinio modeliavimo priemones e.verslo pasaulinio tinklo paslaugoms kurti ir aprašyti. WSMF sudaro 4 pagrindiniai elementai: ontologijos (kurios suteikia, apibrėžia kitų elementų vartojamą terminiją), pajėgumų repozitorijai (apibrėžiantys su PtP galimas spręsti problemas, kitaip tariant, tikslus, kuriuos gali turėti į pasaulinio tinklo paslaugas besikreipiantys klientai), PtP aprašai (apibrėžiantys įvairius PtP aspektus) ir tarpininkavimo priemonės (sprendžiančios PtP tarpusavio sąveikos problemas).

MII100 SPtP iniciatyvos SPtP kalbos d.gr. siūlymai PtP standartų rinkiniui M. Kifer, D. Martin. Bringing Services to the Semantic Web and Semantics to Web Servidese, Dec. 16,

MII101 GTTDP ateities bendrasis kontekstas Web WebServ SemWeb SemWebServ Grid&SemWGridWebServGridComputing

MII102 GTTDP ateities bendrasis kontekstas Web WebServ SemWeb SemWebServ WF Grid&SemWGridWebServGridComputing BPEL4WS

MII Ketinantiems pasidomėti plačiau M. Endrei, J. Ang, „IBM Redbooks Patterns: Service Oriented Architecture And Web Services“. IBM Redbooks (ibm.com/redbooks), 2004, 370 p. Keith Ballinger „.NET Web Services: Architecture and Implementation“. Addison Wesley, February 14, 2003 Douglas K. Barry „Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture: The Savvy Manager's Guide“. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2003, 245 p.

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