“ LEAVE NO TRACE “ LECTURER: DR. HAMIMI BINTI OMAR Group Member : SURIA BINTI ABU BAKAR (225255) ABDUL HAFIZ BIN AHMAD (225561) MOHD KHAIRUL AMBIAQ BIN AB. MUTALIF (226347) MUHAMMAD HANIF BIN MOKHTAR (226820) SALMA BINTI NASIR (226863)

Introduction video

Introduction The Leave No Trace program is a national education program that promotes minimum impact practices for human-powered recreationists. The creative use of Leave No Trace information to target different activities, regions, and audiences is strongly encouraged within the context of current Leave No Trace programs and materials. The Leave No Trace Center For Outdoor Ethics strives to educate all those who enjoy the outdoors about the nature of their recreational impacts, as well as techniques to prevent and minimize such impacts. Leave No Trace is best understood as an educational and ethical program, not as a set of rules and regulations.

History of Leave No Trace Program Created by U.S.D.A. Forest Service in the 1960s By the mid-1980s, the Forest Service has a formal No-Trace wilderness program emphasizes ethics and practice of sustainable tourism and camping In the early 1990s, the Forest Service is working with the National Leadership School to develop a hands-on, the effect is minimal science-based education training for non-motorized recreational activities Leave No Trace is incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1994

Cont.... Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics at Boulder, Colorado, was formed to develop and expand the No Trace training and educational resources, disseminating public program component, and involve a variety of partners from agencies and federal land management company industrial companies outside the non-profit organization and external environment and youth-serving groups. Today, the Leave No Trace program reaches millions of Americans each year and many countries with direct training, education and information tool

Leave No Trace International Branch Organizations

OUR PURPOSE To promote and inspire responsible travel and outdoor recreation through education, research and partnerships. To build awareness, appreciation and respect for our natural and cultural heritage places and is dedicated to creating a nationally recognized and accepted outdoor ethic that promotes personal responsibility and land stewardship.

OUR VISSION To sustain healthy, vibrant natural lands for all people to enjoy, now and into the future. Every person who ventures outside puts Leave No Trace practices into action. OUR MISSION To protect the outdoors by teaching and inspiring people to enjoy it responsibly.

OUR STRATEGIES Make Leave No Trace relevant and accessible for all people who spend time outside (PEOPLE). Make Leave No Trace prominent, relevant and accessible in the outdoors (LANDS). Ensure all outdoor programs/organizations embrace and champion Leave No Trace (COLLABORATION). Organizational Sustainability (SUSTAINABILITY) — an organization that is thriving financially, broadly supported and coupled with strong leadership to ensure our ability to pursue our mission into the future.

OUR GOALS Leave No Trace in Every Park. Leave No Trace integrated into every youth and school program that takes kids outdoors. Every person who ventures outside puts leave no trace practices into action.

SEVEN PRINCIPLES of LEAVE NO TRACE

1. PLAN AHEAD AND PREPARE -Know the regulations and special concerns for the area we will visit. -Prepare for extreme weather, hazards, and emergencies. -Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use. -Visit in small groups when possible. Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups. -Repackage food to minimize waste. -Use a map and compass to eliminate the use of marking paint, rock cairns or flagging.

2. TRAVEL AND CAMP ON DURABLE SURFACES -Durable surfaces include established trails and campsites, rock, gravel, dry grasses or snow. -Protect riparian areas by camping at least 200 feet from lakes and streams. -Good campsites are found, not made. Altering a site is not necessary.

- In popular areas: a. Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites. b. Walk single file in the middle of the trail, even when wet or muddy. c. Keep campsites small. Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent. -In pristine areas: a. Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails. b. Avoid places where impacts are just beginning.

3.DISPOSE ON WASTE PROPERLY -Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your campsite and rest areas for trash or spilled foods. Pack out all trash, leftover food and litter. -Deposit solid human waste in catholes dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water, camp and trails. Cover and disguise the cathole when finished. -Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products. -To wash yourself or your dishes, carry water 200 feet away from streams or lakes and use small amounts of biodegradable soap. Scatter strained dishwater.

4.LEAVE WHAT YOU FIND -Preserve the past: examine, but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts. -Leave rocks, plants and other natural objects as you find them. -Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species. -Do not build structures, furniture, or dig trenches.

5.MINIMIZE CAMPFIRE IMPACT -Campfires can cause lasting impacts to the backcountry. Use a lightweight stove for cooking and enjoy a candle lantern for light. -Where fires are permitted, use established fire rings, fire pans, or mound fires. -Keep fires small. Only use sticks from the ground that can be broken by hand. -Burn all wood and coals to ash, put out campfires completely, then scatter cool ashes.

6.RESPECT WILDLIFE - Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them. -Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife damages their health, alters natural behaviors, and exposes them to predators and other dangers. -Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely. -Control pets at all times, or leave them at home. -Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter.

7.BE CONSIDERATE OF OTHER VISITOR -Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience. -Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail. -Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock. -Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors. -Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.

PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS IN KIDS (PEAK ) The Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids (PEAK)program is designed To teach children about the Environment and how to recreate responsibly in the out-of-doors.The PEAK program provides a pack that contains several interactive activities specifically designed to educate children about the outdoors and the responsible use Of shared public lands.While the peak program has been in existence for a number of years,the program’s effectiveness has not been empirically tested.

The program such as Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids (PEAK) are trying to teach young people to make environmentally responsible decisions when recreating outdoors wether they are in backyard or on camping trip.However, the effectiveness of these program is presently unknown.

There are seven“kid friendly” principles, based on the original seven principles of Leave No Trace (1) Know Before You Go: teaching children to prepare prior to recreating outside (2) Choose the Right Path: teaching techniques and knowledge about how to protect different environments by making decisions that have less impact on the environment (3) Trash Your Trash: teaching children to keep the environment clean from litter And other waste

CONT... (4 ) Leave What You Find: teaching the importance of leaving artifacts and other natural items behind for the next person to enjoy; (5) Be Careful With Fire: teaching the techniques for making responsible decisions about how, when, and where to have a fire (6) Respect Wildlife: teaching children how our behavior can affect wildlife and How to appreciate wildlife from a distance (7) Be Kind to Other Visitors: teaching kids how to be respectful of other

The PEAK program has two primary goals:  Increase awareness of Leave No Trace principles  Promote the stewardship of outdoor recreational resources

Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids (PEAK) Pack The PEAK Pack includes six fun and engaging field-tested Activities, which are designed to teach kids ages six to twelve about Leave No Trace. Each activity or "module" can be delivered in minutes depending on group size, available time, and others. Each module comes in it's own top-loading plastic folder (with clasp), and all six modules conveniently fit into a durable expanding folder with Velcro closure. Each module contains instructions on how to facilitate the activity as well as supporting materials. Also included in the PEAK Pack is a Start Card, which offers many helpful teaching tips and an overview of the Leave No Trace programe.

The standard PEAK pack includes the following activities:  Discovering the Leave No Trace Principles  How Long Does it Last?  Watch Your Step -.  Leave No Trace Draw –  Step on It! –  What Principle Am I?

Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids video

PROBLEM LEAVE NO TRACE Despite the many achievements Leave No Trace also had some problem. Leave No Trace contains two major conceptual flaws that limit its scope and impact as a practical environmental ethic. Leave No Trace fails to promote the kind of multi-scale, ‘think globally, act locally’, environmental ethic.

1.Leave No Trace encourages a presentist view of wilderness landscapes. The presentist perspective assumes that the current state of wilderness areas represents their natural, pristine condition. Another version of this view holds that the most natural, pristine version of nature is not today’s wilderness, but rather the one encountered by the area’s first white explorers. Each of these a historical arguments disregards the fact that wilderness areas, like all cultural landscapes, have changed over time through complex human–environment interactions.

2. It obscures the spatial connections between what takes place inside parks and wilderness areas and what occurs outside. Park and wilderness designations, which take the form of lines on a map, represent one such scale construction. They are the products of competing political agendas, and of a longstanding debate over which kind of landscapes warrant our most vigilant protection and our greatest ethical concern (Havlick, 2006).

Example from principle of Leave No Trace Dispose of waste properly -This principle does not encourage recreationists to reduce their production of garbage in general, and it actually promotes waste by encouraging recreationists to replace factory packaging with disposable polyethylene bags.

Leave what you find -Recreationists not to build structures, construct furniture, or dig trenches in the backcountry -Nylon tents and camp chairs work better, and they have less of an impact. -This advice overlooks the fact that these products are fabricated with mined petroleum, and assembled with the aid of complex chemicals and inexpensive labor only to be shipped across vast oceans on freighters powered by high sulfur coal.

Minimize campfire impacts -Recommends the use of lightweight camping stoves for cooking instead of open fires, suffers from similar oversights. In each of these examples, the logic of Leave No Trace depends on limiting the scale of analysis to the park or wilderness area.

CONCLUSION - What we can learn from the term ‘leave no trace’ is the way to prevent nature from damage by tourist or traveller. - It also can use to teach tourist to more friendly with nature. - It can be a guidelines help people to care for natural and wilderness places and can minimize negative impact to nature. - Can be a syllabus to teach children about the awareness :as example The Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids (PEAK) - Training to actively teaching people about out door skills or providing recreation information to the public.