KINEMATICS THE STUDY OF MOTION ONE-DIMENSIONAL EQ: How can the motion of an object be described, measured, and/or analyzed?

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Presentation transcript:

KINEMATICS THE STUDY OF MOTION ONE-DIMENSIONAL EQ: How can the motion of an object be described, measured, and/or analyzed?

UNIFORM MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION:  Motion is along a straight line, either horizontal or vertical.  The cause of motion will be discussed later. Here we are only looking at the changes.  The moving object is treated as though it were a point particle, regardless of its size.

DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT Distance is the length of the actual path taken by an object. Consider travel from point A to point B in diagram below: A B s = 20 m Distance s is a scalar quantity (no direction): Contains magnitude only and consists of a number and a unit. (20 m, 40 mi/h, 10 gal)

DISPLACEMENT Displacement is the straight-line separation of two points in a specified direction regardless of the actual path taken to travel between points. A vector quantity: Contains magnitude AND direction. (12 m at 30 0 ; 8 km/h North) A B x = 12 m at 20 o 

DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT For motion along x or y axis, the displacement is determined by the x or y coordinate of its final position. Example: Consider a car that travels 8 m, E then 12 m, W. Net displacement x is from the origin to the final position: What is the distance traveled? 8+12= 20 m 12 m, W x x = 4 m, W x 8 m, E x = +8x = -4

THE SIGNS OF DISPLACEMENT Displacement is positive (+) or negative (- ) based on location from the origin. An object can have a positive or negative displacement in either the x or the y direction. The direction of motion does matter! (+,+) (-,-) (+,-) (-,+)

GRAPHING MOTION POSITION VS TIME  consider a car moving at a constant velocity of +5 m/s for 5 seconds, abruptly stopping, and then remaining at rest (v = 0 m/s) for 5 seconds.

Position changing at a constant rate = Constant velocity Slow rightward Fast rightward Slow leftwardFast leftward Position changing at a varying rate = Changing velocity Slow to fast Leftward Fast to Slow leftward Slow to Fast rightward

INITIAL FINAL

SAMPLE PROBLEM HINT: GEOMETRY..VECTORS! 1 square = 100 meters How much distance did you walk? What is the magnitude of your displacement? What is the direction of your displacement?

DISPLACEMENT VS DISTANCE EXAMPLE PROBLEM (HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT)

DISPLACEMENT VS. DISTANCE DIAGNOL EX PROBLEM

INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE