Hybridization Polarity Intermolecular Forces SCH4U.

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Presentation transcript:

Hybridization Polarity Intermolecular Forces SCH4U

Theoretical process involving the mixing of atomic orbitals to create a new set of orbitals that take part in covalent bonding Mainly useful for describing the shapes of organic compounds

…helps to explain the molecular shape of CH 4 CH 4 is tetrahedral Bond angle is o WHY? Answer: Hybridization of carbon's s and p orbitals

Electron Configuration in Carbon

CH 4 – hybridization of Carbon 2s orbital + 3 2p orbitals → 4 hybridised sp 3 orbitals

sp 3 hybridization

Case of H 2 O Molecule H 2 O is also tetrahedral sp 3 hybridization Angle less then because lone the two non-bonding pairs remain closer to the oxygen atom, these exert a stronger repulsion against the two covalent bonding pairs, effectively pushing the two hydrogen atoms closer together. The result is a distorted tetrahedral arrangement in which the H—O—H angle is 104.5°

Polarity of Molecules

Using dipole moment vectors Since there is a resultant dipole vector, the molecule is POLAR

Non-polar molecules

Polar Molecules

Test your skill… Polar or non-polar? Draw the structure, determine shape and use dipole vectors to determine polarity: CHCl 3 (chloromethane) SO 3

Answers:

Intermolecular Forces

H-bonding