Digestive and Excretory Systems

Vocabulary Lesson 3 1. saliva – a liquid in your mouth that starts to break down the food you eat 2. peristalsis – the squeezing action of organs that moves food all the way through the digestive system 3. pancreas – the digestive organ that makes pancreatic juices, which help break down starches, proteins, and fats

4. bile – a digestive fluid made by the liver, helps digest fats 5. gallbladder – the organ in the digestive system that stores bile 6. digestion – is the process of breaking down food into a form your body can use 7. nutrients – are substances in food that the body needs to work properly

1. What happens in your mouth? –a. Teeth chop and grind food into smaller pieces –b. Chopped food mixes with saliva that helps break down food i. Liquids are called digestive juices –c. More saliva is made when you eat

2. What happens in your esophagus and stomach? –a. After swallowing, food goes to the esophagus –b. Food is moved by a wavelike, squeezing action called peristalsis –c. Food then enters the stomach, which is a hollow, muscular organ that breaks down food i. Glands in the stomach make acid and other digestive juices ii. The walls squeeze food and mix it with juices to form a thick liquid

3. What happens in your small and large intestines? a. Food enters the small intestines after the stomach (most absorption occurs here)

b. The pancreas makes pancreatic juices that break down starches, proteins, and fats in the food c. Cells in the pancreas also make a hormone called insulin, which helps your body use sugar

–d. The liver is another digestive organ that makes a fluid called bile, which flows into the gallbladder –e. Gallbladder stores bile, and doesn’t make any of it’s own fluids i. Bile is squirted out when fats enter the small intestines –f. nutrients enter the blood in the small intestines though capillaries

–g. not all food can be digested in the body – those parts pass to the large intestines i. wider and shorter than small intestines ii. takes most of the remaining water out of food and forms solid waste removed during a bowel movement iii. Eating food with water and indigestive materials, like fresh fruits and vegetables help the large intestine empty regularly

Review Lesson 3 What does the digestive system do? What happens to food in the stomach? How do the materials in food get to the cells of your body?

Vocabulary Lesson 4 1. kidneys – two bean-shaped organs that remove most of the extra water and cell wastes from your blood 2. urine – the liquid waste filtered from the blood by the kidneys 3. ureter – a narrow tube that comes out of each kidney and connects to the urinary bladder 4. urethra – a tube connected to the bladder that releases urine outside of the body

1. How does the urinary system get rid of waste? –a. Make up of kidneys, bladder, and tubes – all hold liquid waste –b. Kidneys are in your back at about waist level, look like 2 beans i. Remove most of the cell wastes and extra water from the blood ii. Water and waste combine to form urine

–c. a narrow tube called the ureter comes out of each kidney and connect to the urinary bladder (bag-like) –d. bladder fills with urine and then is released through a tube called the urethra

2. How does your skin help get rid of waste? –a. Sweat glands remove water, salt, and other waste from the blood in the form of perspiration, or sweat –b. Sweat leaves your body through small openings in the skin called pores, water in the sweat evaporates, other wastes stay on skin until you wash them away –c. The excretory system helps keep wastes from remaining in your body, which keeps your cells healthy

Review Lesson 4 What is the job of your excretory system? What does your urinary bladder do? How do the sweat glands remove wastes from your body?