CH. 23.1: A New Deal Fights the Depression OBJECTIVES: 1. Summarize some of the steps Roosevelt took early in his presidency to reform banking and finance. 2. Describe New Deal programs that provided relief to farmers and other workers. 3. Identify critics of Roosevelt and New Deal policies.

Election of 1932 SETTING: 11 million unemployed Depression since Oct ISSUES: Stay the Course VS. New Deal What were the major differences? CANDIDATES: Hebert Hoover, incumbent, Republican FDR, Democrat OUTCOME: Landslide victory for FDR (472 to 59)  mandate for radical reform

Compare and Contrast FDR and Hoover

“Hundred Days” What were the Hundred Days? What is the twentieth amendment? Why was it passed? FDR creates the New Deal Relief for the needy Economic recovery Financial reform Lasted from March 9-June 16,1933 Passed more than 15 pieces of important legislation Significantly expanded the authority of the federal government

Reforming Banking and Finance What did Americans think about banks? Emergency Banking Relief Act – “bank holiday” The Fireside Chat: First “informal” public address Restores confidence in banks CHAT AUDIO – Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 – FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) – Insured accounts less than $5,000 – Federal Securities Act – Securities and Exchange Commission – Created to regulate the stock market

RELIEF for the People Farmers get Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Youth get Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Unemployed get National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) How did each of these help the American people? CCC workers Here, Civilian Conservation Corps workers plant seedlings to reforest a section of forest destroyed by fire. Before its demise in 1942, the CCC enrolled over two million young men. In addition to its work in conservation, the CCC also taught around thirty-five thousand men how to read and write. (UPI/Bettmann ) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

National Industrial Recovery Act Established codes for fair practice for individual industries and for promoting industrial growth Created the National Recovery Administration Set prices on products Limited work hours and child labor Guaranteed the rights of workers to unionize and bargain collectively

Opposition to the New Deal Conservative and Liberal critics has issues Criticisms: Govt. had too much control over agriculture and industry Going too far to regulate production and supply Interfered with free market economy Supreme Court defeated New Deal reforms in 7 major cases How does FDR view the court? FDR’s SOLUTION: appoint 6 new judges ( 1 judge for every judge over 72) REACTION: Negative. Justice Roberts “changes” voting behavior, another retires. Court “packing” plan fails. IMPACT: Congress and Public alarmed. Threat to Checks and Balances. High-water mark of New Deal. Few new reforms after. “Court-packing” Scandal

American Liberty League Opposed legislation that violated the respect for the rights of individuals and property Huey Long Gov. of Louisiana “Share the Wealth” “Every Man is a King” Father Charles Coughlin Guaranteed annual income and nationalization of banks Dr. Francis E. Townsend Wasn’t doing enough to help poor and elderly

TERMS Franklin Delano Roosevelt New Deal Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 Federal Securities Act Agricultural Adjustment Act Civilian Conservation Corps National Industrial Recovery Act Huey Long OBJECTIVES: 1. Summarize some of the steps Roosevelt took early in his presidency to reform banking and finance. 2. Describe New Deal programs that provided relief to farmers and other workers. 3. Identify critics of Roosevelt and New Deal policies.