IRAQ WAR 2003

REPUBLIC OF IRAQ Government: Arabic Socialist Ba’ath party  Regime of Saddam Hussein Official Language: Arabic and Kurdish Population: 27.5 million(2007)

IRAQ WAR Mar. 20 th ~2011 Dec. 18 th Reason : A Nation with Weapons of Mass Destruction Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld: 1.Eliminate Saddam Hussein’s regime 2.Search and destroy WMD 3.Provide humanitarian assistance 4.Protect Iraq’s oil and other natural resources

TIME LINE 1: BEFORE IRAQ WAR Sep. 12 th 2002 Bush addressed the general assembly of the UN to outline the complaints of the U.S. government against the Iraq government Oct. 10~11 th 2002 The U.S. house of Representatives and the Senates pass the authorization for the Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution Nov. 8 th 2002 UN Security Council passed Resolution 1441 Feb. 6 th 2003 Security of the State Colin Powell claims Hussein is making nuclear weapons and developing missiles Mar. 7 th 2003 The Chief UN weapons inspector and the IAEA tell the UN Security Council they have found no evidence of biological weapons and nuclear weapon

TIME LINE 2: DURING IRAQ WAR Mar. 17 th 2003 Bush gives Hussein 48 hours to leave Iraq or face war Mar. 20 th 2003 The US-led war on Iraq begins Mar. 30 th 2003 ABC News: Donald Rumsfeld is asked whereabouts of Iraq supported WMD: “We know where they are, they’re in the area around Tikrit, and Baghdad and east, west, south, and north somewhat” May 1 st 2003 The invasion period ends and the military occupation period begins

TIME LINE 3: AFTER IRAQ WAR Dec. 13 th 2003 Saddam Hussein is captured alive by the U.S. troops in Tikrit, Hussein’s hometown Jan. 30 th 2005 Iraqis vote in the first democratic, multi-party parliamentary elections in 50 years. Shiites and Kurds vote in large numbers. Sunnis do not Oct. 19 th 2005 Saddam Hussein’s trail begins in Bagndad Dec. 30 th 2006 Saddam Hussein is executed by hanging Dec. 15 th 2011 U.S. declares the Iraq war over

RESOLUTION 1441* Adopted date: 8 November 2002 “Recognizing the threat Iraq’s non-compliance with Council resolutions and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles poses to international peace and security…” Gave Iraq "a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations" and set up inspections by the UNMOVIC and the IAEA

PROS: MULTI-NATIONAL FORCE United States of America (148,000) United Kingdom (45,000) Australia (2000) Poland (194) With the support of Korea, Denmark, Japan, Italy, Ukraine…49 other countries.

AGAINST The invasion of Iraq was strongly opposed by France, Germany, New Zealand, and Canada Former Secretary-General of United Nation Boutros Boutros-Ghali*: “The invention is illegal” because there is not authorized by the United Nation “Other countries may use this argument in the future to intervene on the basis of this precedent”

FAILURES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY Stop US and UK.

CONSPIRACY THEORY Oil Military US Base Out of Saudi Arabia US Base Closer to IRAN!!

OIL Before the 2003 War Iraq National Oil Company (INOC) nationalised all oil projects in Started to allow foreign investment since But only 3 projects were allowed. After the 2003 War The Oil reconstruction was planned to be led by USAID. *1 Iraq Ministry of Oil plans to boost it oil production led by EP, EXXON, Shell.

MILITARY (SAUDI ARABIA) US Needed to move the base away from Saudi Arabia as it is the Islamic Religious Centre (MECCA and MEDINA). Anti US feeling within the Islamic World. The government in Riyadh depends on the United States for its defence, but has found itself walking a tightrope, with increasing uneasiness among many Saudis over the presence of US troops. US citizens act as if there in the US.

MILITARY (IRAN) Surround Iran to PRESSURE them. Get Afghanistan Get Iraq

WHEELER’S CRITERIA 1 Criteria Evaluatio n Notes Supreme Humanitarian Emergency × “by the time of the March 2003 invasion, the government’s killing has ebbed.” *1 Necessity or Last Resort× “all alternative options had not been exhausted,” *2 Proportionality× Period of Major Combat: 19 March 2003 – 1 May 2003 *3 BUT the tragedy is continuing. Positive Humanitarian Outcome × Civilian Death toll: 106, ,548 *4 Destabilised Iraq

WHEELER’S CRITERIA 2 Criteria Evaluatio n Notes Humanitarian Motives× President Bush “our mission is clear, to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people.” *1 Humanitarian Justification × Legality× Lack of UN Mandate Kofi Annan, has said he believes the American-led invasion of Iraq last year was illegal *2 Selectivity× US most likely had other objectives.

WHEELER’S CRITERIA 3 CriteriaEvaluation Supreme Humanitarian Emergency × Necessity or Last Resort× Proportionality× Positive Humanitarian Outcome × Humanitarian Motives× Humanitarian Justification× Legality× Selectivity×

CURRENT IRAQ Government President TALABANI (Kurdish) Prime Minister MALEKI (Shiite) Killing and the Disorder Continues The Iraq war: No clean break US troops have now left Iraq, but the war's ghosts will haunt the world for many years to come. Deadly Iraq blasts hit several cities Refugees(Mostly after 2003) Domestic:1,900,000 people Aboard: 2,000,000 people

FUTURE CONCERNS Relation with other Arab world. Iraq is now a Shiite Government Split of Iraq Kurds in Turkey and Iran

Intervention for Humanitarian Purpose OR Stability?