NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account How are the nitrogen standards reduced? Ruth Grant National Environmental Reseach Institute Aarhus University

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Content 1.Principles for N standard reduction 2.Basis for calculation 3.The annual calculation 4.Conclusion

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 1. Principles for N standard reduction

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Background (Action Plan III, 2005) ›Decision taking place from 2005/06 ›The economic optimum for nitrogen standards shall be set at a the crop yield, which would have been optained without restrictions in N use ›The nitrogen standards used by the farmers shall be reduced by minimim 10% relative to the economic optimum ›The nitrogen quota at the national level must not exceed the quota in 2003/04 (next slide)

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account National nitrogen quota The nitrogen quota at the national level = national nitrogen bag ›must not exceed the quota in 2003/04, adjusted for the crop rotation

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Implications Nitrogen bagN standard reduction % Crop rotationLarger area with high N demanding crops HeavierNo change Lager area with low N demanding crops LighterNo change Agric. AreaDecreasesNo changeLower IncreasesNo changeHigher

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Problems to be addressed 1.In 2005 the EU subsidy payment changed to the single payment – increase in registered agricultural area (no change in actual area): adjustment needed 2.Action Plan III from 2005 had several area assignments – actual decrease in agricultural area: no effect on N bag and no effect of measures 3.In 2008 no longer set-aside obligations - actual increase in agricultural area: no effect on N bag

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Overall principle ›N bag adjusted each year based on ›Crop rotation (step 1) ›New area assigned for roads, buildings etc. (step 2) ›N standard reduction % calculated according to adjusted N bag (step 3) Two years of timelag relative to actual agricutural area 2010/2011: tons N ›N rate per ha: economic optimum for each crop reduced by N standard reduction % (step 4)

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 2. Basis for calculation

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Basis - calculation of N bag for 2003/04 Area ha Area 2004 % Nitrogen standard 2004 Kg N/ha N quota 1000 tons Winter wheat Spring barley Winter rape Maize 129, Grass, permanent …… ….. Total

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Basis - calculation of N bag for 2003/04 - adjusted for extra registered area in 2005 Area ha Area 2004 % Nitrogen standard 2004 Kg N/ha N quota 1000 tons Winter wheat Spring barley Winter rape Maize 129, Grass, permanent Extra grass, perm ,6 …… ….. Total

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 3. The annual calculation

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N bag for 2010/11 (step 1): - based on N rates in 2004 and crop rotaion in 2009, adjusted to the area in 2004 Area ha Area 2009 % Adjusted to 2004 area 1000 ha Nitrogen standard 2004 Kg N/ha N quota 1000 tons Winter wheat Spring barley , Winter rape Maize , Grass, permanent , …… ….. …… Total

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of adjusted N bag in 2011 (step 2): - adjusted for area assigned for roads, etc. ›N quota in 2011 (step 1): tons N ›Area in 2009: ha ›Average N standard:144.8 kg N/ha ›Area assigned for roads etc: ha ›Reduction in N quota (step 2): tons N ›N bag in 2011: tons N

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N standard reduction in 2011 (step 3) Area ha N rate Econ. Opt.* Kg N/ha N quota Econ. Opt. ** 1000 tons N quota 90 % 1000 tons N quota 84.0 % 1000 tons Winter wheat Spring barley Winter rape 162, Maize Grass, permanent …… ….. Total *) for loamy sand **) adjusted for soil type and residual effect

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N rate for crops (step 4) N rate Econ. Opt.* Kg N/ha N rate 84.0 % Kg N/ha Winter wheat Spring barley Winter rape Maize Grass, permanent 8571 …… ….. *) for loamy sand The Plant Directorate publishes an announcement each year with updated N rates for each crop and 5 different soil types

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 4. Conclusions

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account N standard reduction obtained › % reduction N bag (1000 tons) ›2005/06 14,3 % ›2006/07 14,4 % * ›2007/08 15,0 % * ›2008/09 14,5 % ›2009/10 15,5 % ›2010/11 16,0 % * No corrections for larger registered agricultural area

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Effect of change in agric area › tackled ›VMP III – reduction in agric. area ›Roads, buildings, etc.√ ›Afforestation÷ ›Wetlands, bufferzones÷ ›No Set- aside - increase in agric. area ›81000 ha in 2008 › ha in 2009 Increased norm reduction in 2010 and 2011, √ but temporary increase in fertilser use in 2008 and 2009