Chris Oliver May 4 th, 2009 for MLA RDA and AACR2

Outline RDA: relationship to AACR2 continuity with AACR2 differences from AACR2 examples to illustrate comparisons

Challenges of online environment changing cataloguing environment  new types of resources  work in an online, networked environment

Problems with AACR2 written in the context of card catalogues  e.g. space-saving limitations (rule of 3, abbreviations) inadequate rules for the description of new types of resources lack of theoretical framework to act as reference point when dealing with new situations

Problems identified Conference in 1997: International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR, Toronto Experts identified key issues:  Principles  Content vs. carrier  Logical structure of AACR2  Seriality  Internationalization

International developments FRBR + FRAD IME-ICC and the groundwork for revised internationally accepted cataloguing principles ( ) strong foundation of international consensus

Revisions are not enough revisions only give partial solutions  e.g. revision of rule 0.24  e.g. new chapter 12 issues not resolved  e.g. logical inconsistency remains difficult to adapt rules for new media and publication types

AACR2 AACR3 in 2004, plans for a new edition: AACR3: resource description and access  change the structure of Part 1  add theoretical framework  maintain content of AACR2 rules

AACR3 RDA in 2005: go further!

RDA replaces AACR2 RDA is different from AACR2  new standard  designed for the online environment  built on a theoretical framework  developed in dialogue with other metadata communities  flexible for use beyond the traditional library application  intended for world-wide use

RDA replaces AACR2  last amendments to AACR2 released in 2005 RDA compatible with AACR2 data From the Strategic Plan for RDA : “Be compatible with those descriptions and access points devised using AACR2, and present in existing catalogues and databases”

RDA replaces AACR2 RDA builds on the foundation of AACR2  RDA Statement of purpose: “Built on foundations established by the Anglo- American Cataloguing Rules (AACR), RDA will provide a comprehensive set of guidelines and instructions on resource description and access covering all types of content and media”

RDA builds on AACR2 RDA builds on the strengths of AACR2  AACR2 is used around the world  translated into 24 languages  constantly evolving  based on common usage, common citation practices and real publication practices  enables the sharing of records

RDA goes beyond AACR2 aligned with the FRBR and FRAD conceptual models: FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records FRAD Functional Requirements for Authority Data

AACR2 RDA RDA new logical organization alignment with FRBR/FRAD conceptual models AACR2 deconstructed + some changes + new vocabulary + new organization

Reconstruction into RDA every word has changed many instructions show visible continuity with AACR2

Changes from AACR2 strong theoretical basis new way of thinking about cataloguing and new structure to support it “designed for the digital world”  take advantage of new database structures  better description of digital resources  support for use in the semantic web  re-use metadata  to be used as a web tool

Changes from AACR2 new extensible framework for the description of all types of content and media support for better navigation and better data display not just for libraries world-wide use

FRBR + FRAD in RDA structure of RDA user tasks FRBR and FRAD vocabulary and concepts explicit explanation of the relation between the instructions and the user tasks (functional objectives) emphasis on relationships and on clarifying the nature of the relationships FRBR perspective: bibliographic record in the context of a large catalogue or database

RDA Structure Introduction 10 sections: Sections 1-4 = Recording attributes Sections 5-10 = Recording relationships Appendices capitalization, abbreviations, initial articles, data presentation, relationship designators, examples Glossary

RDA vs AACR2 Organization of the guidelines RDAAACR2 Recording attributesDescription Recording relationshipsHeadings, uniform titles and references FRBR/FRAD entitiesclass of material types of headings data for authority controlreferences 1 chapter = 1 user taskuser is in the shadows

FRBR relationships relationships within the family of one work: work-expression-manifestation-item relationships between works, between expressions, between manifestations, between items relationships between a person (or corporate body or family) and a work, or expression, or manifestation, or item relationships between persons, corporate bodies and families subject relationships relationships between subjects

Relationships in RDA access points  no limit to the number of access points controlled vocabulary for relationship designators  Appendices I, J, K and L e.g. transformation Hamlet by William Shakespeare Hamlet : opéra en cinq actes musique de Ambroise Thomas; paroles de Michel Carré et Jules Barbier

Relationship designators J.2 Relationship designators for related works based on (work) libretto based on (work) A work used as the basis for the text of an opera or other work for the musical stage derivative work basis for libretto (work) A work that comprises the text of an opera or other work for the musical stage based on the source work

Relationship designators I.2 Relationship designators for works I.2.1 Relationship designators for creators work level author work level librettist 1.3 Relationship designators for expressions expression level narrator expression level translator (added to preferred access point for the creator)

Access point for expression Preferred Access Point Representing an Expression Add to the preferred access point for the work, as applicable: a) a term indicating content type b) the date of the expression c) language of the expression d) a term indicating another distinguishing characteristic of the expression Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. Spoken word

“Designed for the digital world” work with existing catalogues and database structures take advantage of newly emerging database structures re-use of metadata metadata for the semantic web describe and give access to all types of resources, analog, digital, etc.

RDA vs AACR2 RDA: “to take advantage of the digital environment”  stop fussing about abbreviations  more “take as is” – principle of representation  transcribe inaccuracies; add note if necessary  enable re-use of metadata AACR2: rules from the card catalogue era  when to abbreviate, when not to abbreviate  “transcription” but also required to omit and sometimes to supply data  use of [sic] or correction of inaccuracies

AACR2 1.2B1. Transcribe the edition statement as found on the item. Use abbreviations as instructed in appendix B and numerals as instructed in appendix C. RDA Transcribe an edition statement as it appears on the source of information. No instruction to abbreviate. Appendix BAbbreviations B.4. Transcribed Elements For transcribed elements, use only those abbreviations found in the sources of information for the element.

AACR2 1.1F7. [ 4 conditions when you do record titles of nobility, address, etc.] … Otherwise, omit all such data from statements of responsibility. RDA Transcribe a statement of responsibility in the form in which it appears on the source of information. Apply the general guidelines on transcription given under 1.7. no instructions to omit data in Optional Omission Abridge a statement of responsibility only if it can be abridged without loss of essential information.

RDA new standard, new format 1 st release will be as an online tool written as an online tool online tool also delivers additional functionality e.g., includes mapping between AACR2 rules and RDA guidelines easier to use, easier to teach individual or collaborative use efficiency and customization

New RDA vocabulary heading access point areaelement uniform titlepreferred title name of the work see referencevariant access point main entrypreferred access point physicaldescribing carriers description choosing recording relationships added entries

Reconstruction into RDA every word has changed many instructions show visible continuity with AACR2

AACR2 21 Choice of Access Points 21.30J2 Variant title. If considered necessary for access, make an added entry for any version of the title (e.g., cover title …) that is significantly different from the title proper. RDA 2.3 Title Recording Variant Titles Record variant titles that are considered to be important for identification or access applying the basic instructions on recording titles given under 2.3.1

AACR2 25Uniform Titles 25.3 Works created after A Use the title or form of title in the original language by which a work created after 1500 has become known through use in manifestations of the work or in reference sources. RDA Preferred Title for the Work Works Created After 1500 For works created after 1500, choose as the preferred title the title in the original language by which the work has become known through use in resources embodying the work or in reference sources.

RDA, a content standard new standard = content standard “what data should I record?” use with different encoding schema e.g. MARC21, Dublin Core, LOM, etc. use with different display conventions e.g. ISBD, label display, etc.

RDA vs AACR2 RDA: content standard  not a display standard  use with many encoding schema  data elements  use by non-library metadata communities AACR2: content and display  many display conventions already ignored  “areas” with string of data tied together: not friendly for use in a web environment  the library’s standard

RDA vs AACR2 RDA: “to describe all types of resources”  three separate elements to record:  Content type  Media type  Carrier type AACR2: problems with new types of resources  limitations of rule 0.24  rules organized according to “class of material”  limited list of GMDs

RDA vs AACR2 using RDA’s new framework: book  Content type = text  Media type = unmediated  Carrier type = volume music CD  Content type = performed music  Media type = audio  Media type = computer  Carrier type = audio disc  Carrier type = computer disc

RDA vs AACR2 using RDA’s new framework: streaming video  Content type = moving image  Media type = video  Carrier type = online resource web page  Content type = text  Media type = computer  Carrier type = online resource

RDA vs AACR2 RDA: more information for users  no more restrictions such as “rule of three”  make the relationships between entities clear to the user: appendices I, J and K = lists of relationship designators  no more Latin abbreviations AACR2: limitations of the 3 x 5 card  “rule of three”  more focus on single record, less on relationships  “et al.”, “S.l.”, “s.n.”

AACR2 21.6B and 21.6C distinctions are made when two, three or four or more persons or bodies share responsibility 21.6B1. If, in a work of shared responsibility, principal responsibility is attributed … to one person or corporate body, enter under the heading for that person or body … Make added entries under the headings for other persons or bodies involved if there are not more than two. RDA no instructions to limit the number of access points

RDA no instructions to limit the number of access points Alternative Include in the preferred access point representing the work the preferred access points for all creators named in resources embodying the work or in reference sources (in the order in which they are named in those sources), formulated according to the guidelines and instructions given under 9.1.1, , or , as applicable. Example: Gumbley, Warren, 1962– ; Johns, Dilys; Law, Garry. Management of wetland archaeological sites in New Zealand

Latin abbreviations gone instead of [et al.][and six others] instead of [S.l.]Place of publication not identified instead of [s.n.]publisher not identified

More for digital resources new data elements:  record carrier type for online resource; record extent: 1 online resource (1 image file) 1 online resource (75 pages)  file type data file streaming video file  encoding format DAISYGIFHTML audioDVD audioimageJPEGtextPDF MP3TIFFMS Word  uniform resource locator

RDA, a new standard standard for recording metadata easier to apply: consistency, principles works for both traditional and digital resources record sufficient metadata to support better navigation and better data display record data in separate data elements to support improved searching extensible framework for technical and content description of new types of resources focus on creating data to fulfill user tasks

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