Reactor Design for Selective Product Distribution

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Presentation transcript:

Reactor Design for Selective Product Distribution S,S&L Chapt. 7

Overview Parallel Reactions Series Reactions Independent Reactions A+BR (desired) AS Series Reactions ABC(desired)D Independent Reactions AB (desired) CD+E Series Parallel Reactions A+BC+D A+CE(desired) Mixing, Temperature and Pressure Effects

Examples Ethylene Oxide Synthesis CH2=CH2 + O22CO2 + 2H2O CH2=CH2 + O2CH2-CH2(desired) O

Examples Diethanolamine Synthesis

Examples Butadiene Synthesis, C4H6, from Ethanol

Rate Selectivity Parallel Reactions Rate Selectivity A+BR (desired) A+BS Rate Selectivity (αD- αU) >1 make CA as large as possible (βD –βU)>1 make CB as large as possible (kD/kU)= (koD/koU)exp[-(EA-D-EA-U)/(RT)] EA-D > EA-U T EA-D < EA-U T

Reactor Design to Maximize Desired Product

Maximize Desired Product Series Reactions AB(desired)CD Plug Flow Reactor Optimum Time in Reactor

Fractional Yield (k2/k1)=f(T)

Real Reaction Systems More complicated than either Series Reactions Parallel Reactions Effects of equilibrium must be considered Confounding heat effects All have Reactor Design Implications

Engineering Tricks Reactor types Multiple Reactors Mixtures of Reactors Bypass Recycle after Separation Split Feed Points/ Multiple Feed Points Diluents Temperature Management