Addition Rules for Probability CHAPTER 4.2.  A person is female  A person is Republican  A person is both female and a Republican  A person is a Democrat.

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Presentation transcript:

Addition Rules for Probability CHAPTER 4.2

 A person is female  A person is Republican  A person is both female and a Republican  A person is a Democrat  A person is an Independent CONSIDER THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:

 Two events are mutually exclusive events if they cannot occur at the same time  For example, the events of getting a 4 and getting a 6 when a single card is drawn from a deck are mutually exclusive events.  The events of getting a 4 and getting a heart on a single draw are not mutually exclusive MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE

1.Getting an odd number and getting an even number. 2.Getting a 3 and getting an odd number 3.Getting an odd number and getting a number less than 4 4.Getting a number greater than 4 and getting a number less than 4 DETERMINE WHICH EVENTS ARE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AND WHICH ARE NOT WHEN A SINGLE DIE IS ROLLED.

1.Getting a 7 and getting a jack 2.Getting a club and getting a king 3.Getting a face card and getting an ace 4.Getting a face card and getting a spade DETERMINE WHICH EVENTS ARE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AND WHICH ARE NOT WHEN A SINGLE CARD IS DRAWN

 When two events A and B are mutually exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) ADDITION RULE FOR MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

 A city has 9 coffee shops: 3 Starbuck’s, 2 Caribou Coffees, and 4 Crazy Mocho Coffees. If a person selects one shop at random to buy a cup of coffee, find the probability that it is either a Starbuck’s or Crazy Mocho Coffees. COFFEE SHOP SELECTION

 The corporate research and development centers for three local companies have the following number of employees. U.S. Steel110 Alcoa750 Bayer Material Science250 If a research employee is selected at random, find the probability that the employee is employed by U.S. Steel or Alcoa. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EMPLOYEES

 If A and B are not mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) ADDITION RULE FOR EVENTS THAT ARE NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE

 A single card is drawn at random from an ordinary deck of cards. Find the probability that it is either an ace or a black card. DRAWING A CARD

 In a hospital unit, there are 8 nurses and 5 physicians; 7 nurses and 3 physicians are females. If a staff person is selected at random, find the probability that the subject is a nurse or a male. SELECTING A MEDICAL STAFF PERSON

 On New Year’s Eve, the probability of a person driving while intoxicated is 0.32, the probability of a person having a driving accident is 0.09, and the probability of person having a driving accident while intoxicated is What is the probability of a person driving while intoxicated or having a driving accident? DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED

 Pg Applying the concepts: TRY IT!