Notes 5 – Igneous Rocks Mrs. Gordon Earth Science Sunday, December 06, 2015.

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Notes 5 – Igneous Rocks Mrs. Gordon Earth Science Sunday, December 06, 2015

1. Igneous Rocks A. Forms when molten material cools and hardens.

2. Location  A. Extrusive - formed from lava on Earth's surface, cools quickly Examples: Basalt (dark colored, Snake River Plain, ocean floors)

B. Intrusive - formed from magma below Earth's surface, cools slowly Examples: Granite (light/dark color, Rocky Mountains, Sawtooth Mts.)

3. Texture A. Fine grained - fast cooling = tiny crystals (basalt) B. Coarse grained - slow cooling = large crystals (granite) C. Porphyritic - TWO textures, due to slow cooling first then fast cooling Magma is underground then an ERUPTION occurs or simply movement closer to the surface

Other Textures: Vesicular – spongy, many small holes or pores = pumice Glassy – no grains, smooth feel, sharp edges = obsidian

4. Mineral Composition A. High SILICA (quartz) = light color B. Low SILICA (quartz) =dark color

5. USES A. BasaltA. Basalt - crushed to make roads B. Obsidian - sharp tools C. Granite - building materials D. Pumice - cleaning materials, face wash