Beaver Life History & Biology Dr. John Stella Anna Harrison SUNY ESF 19 th September 2011.

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Presentation transcript:

Beaver Life History & Biology Dr. John Stella Anna Harrison SUNY ESF 19 th September 2011

The Colony The Colony Family/colony unit (6-8 related individuals) Active colonies spaced at least 0.25 miles from other colonies Mark territory with scent mounds

Love of the water Lodge is the central place for a beaver colony Beaver more agile in water than on land Aquatic habitat protects them from predators Attempt to maximize time in water, minimize time on land

Food preferences Spring/Summer diet: herbaceous, aquatic vegetation Fall/Winter diet: trees and tubers Beaver collect food for winter in food cache, store next to lodge

Initial site establishment Well established drivers (Bradt 1938) that create largest possible pond area: – Low stream gradient – Small stream cross-sectional area 5

Beaver site establishment Dams also built as ‘safe’ transportation corridors to connect large ponds

Beaver site establishment Ultimate purpose of dam: location for lodge

Beaver Impacts: landscape change Beaver change landscape from terrestrial to aquatic Most landscape change occurs in first 20 years of occupancy

Beaver impacts: increase wetland area Greater landscape diversity – Wright 2002 Waterfowl habitat Amphibian habitat – Karraker and Gibbs

Pond Meadow Old Pond Stream Naiman 1988 New Pond Beaver impacts: Possible beaver pond succession post abandonment

Beaver impacts: forest structure 11 Trees used for food and dam/lodge building resources Beaver can ‘clear cut’ areas with young trees

Beaver impacts: forest structure Remove understory and canopy trees Open areas up to shrubby species

Beaver Impacts: foraging Generalized Central place foraging model P Distance from the impoundment Selectivity Non-preferred Opportunistic Most Preferred

Ecosystem Engineer slides I’m not sure if/where you’ll want to use these, but they are a good example of culvert blockage, flooding, dam removal and beaver deceiver at HWF

15 Ecosystem engineer Photo: Adirondack Ecological Center

16 Ecosystem engineer Photo: Adirondack Ecological Center

17 Ecosystem engineer

18 Ecosystem engineer