Cell Structure & Function
Cell Theory There are three main elements 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Examples of Cells Amoeba Plant Stem Red Blood CellNerve Cell Bacteria
Label your diagram first & then colour it in.
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes. Few internal structures. One-celled organisms e.g. Bacteria.
More prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes. Most living organisms. PlantAnimal
10 “Typical” Animal Cells
11 “Typical” Plant Cell
Common features of all cells (organelles) Cell Parts
Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell. It is like a big plastic bag with lots of tiny holes.
Nucleus Acts like the ‘brain’ of the cell. Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane. Contains genetic material - DNA.
Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture. Surrounded by cell membrane. Contains hereditary material.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Acts as the ‘packaging system’ of the cell. Smooth type: lacks ribosomes. Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface.
Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands. Protein builders of the cell. Can be found floating throughout the cell or attached to the E.R.
Mitochondria Known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. Acts like the digestive system in that they take in nutrients, break them down and create energy for the cell. Most of the chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration happen here.
Golgi Apparatus A series of membranes shaped like pancakes. Protein 'packaging plant'.
Lysosome Digestive 'factory' for proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The hold enzymes created by the cell. Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes.
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal. Plants also use it to store water. In plant cells, they are much larger.