Science and society: How science affects society and vice versa  Issues to bring to bear:  Theory-ladenness of observation  Ruling out the logic of discovery?  The logic of justification: problems  The problem of induction (both narrow and sophisticated)  Problems with falsificationism  Duhem: the role of theory  Hempel: the role of auxiliary assumptions and whether the relevant conditions are met  The nature of explanation  Formal model (Hempel)  The pragmatic model (van Fraassen)  Issues to bring to bear:  Theory-ladenness of observation  Ruling out the logic of discovery?  The logic of justification: problems  The problem of induction (both narrow and sophisticated)  Problems with falsificationism  Duhem: the role of theory  Hempel: the role of auxiliary assumptions and whether the relevant conditions are met  The nature of explanation  Formal model (Hempel)  The pragmatic model (van Fraassen)

Science and society: How science affects society and vice versa  Science affecting society  In the courts: Laudan v. Ruse  Union of Concerned Scientists  Research into non-human primates (Bonobos and chimps) that affects human self-perception  Society affecting science: Gould articles  “Women’s Brains”: numbers in and of themselves mean nothing; women’s battles are all of ours  “Wide Hats and Narrow Minds”: “If we laugh with derision, we will never understand…”  Science affecting society  In the courts: Laudan v. Ruse  Union of Concerned Scientists  Research into non-human primates (Bonobos and chimps) that affects human self-perception  Society affecting science: Gould articles  “Women’s Brains”: numbers in and of themselves mean nothing; women’s battles are all of ours  “Wide Hats and Narrow Minds”: “If we laugh with derision, we will never understand…”

Science and society: How science affects society and vice versa  Society affecting science and vice versa: Sociobiology  Sociobiology: E.O. Wilson, genetics, Harvard  Sociobiology (1975); On Human Nature (1977)  Genes (the product of natural selection)  Human Behavior  Human societies   Gould: Adaptationism (natural selection explains all things) and story telling in Sociobiology  Caplan: turf wars; response to Gould et al criticisms of “just so stories”; these critiques based on a misunderstanding of “natural selection”  Society affecting science and vice versa: Sociobiology  Sociobiology: E.O. Wilson, genetics, Harvard  Sociobiology (1975); On Human Nature (1977)  Genes (the product of natural selection)  Human Behavior  Human societies   Gould: Adaptationism (natural selection explains all things) and story telling in Sociobiology  Caplan: turf wars; response to Gould et al criticisms of “just so stories”; these critiques based on a misunderstanding of “natural selection”

Science and society: How science affects society and vice versa  The “ethics” of science  The case of “Genie”  Testing “the critical period hypothesis”  What did Genie need?  What did Genie get?  Researchers v. caregivers  Weighing “knowledge for its own sake” v. what knowledge should we seek and how?  The “ethics” of science  The case of “Genie”  Testing “the critical period hypothesis”  What did Genie need?  What did Genie get?  Researchers v. caregivers  Weighing “knowledge for its own sake” v. what knowledge should we seek and how?