Vaginal Prolapse Management problem Over feeding roughage Large bales Obese ewes Short tail docking Respiratory

Causes of Death Starvation Poor ewe condition Weak ewe or lamb Plugged teats Mastitis Mis-mothering Poor suckling

Stillbirths/dystocia Symptoms of dystocia yellow fleece causes - Fat ewes, Poor hybrid vigor, large BW Was it truly born dead? Stillborns -infectious -hypoxia (observation)

Solutions Condition score Observation Feed antibiotics Intercom, video camera Feed antibiotics Vaccinate against campylobacter and chlamydia BoSe ?????? Assist after 30 minutes in labor Selection

Pneumonia Causes poor air quality too many sheep wet bedding

Solution 20 ft.2 for ewes with lambs Sulfa water treatment Improve ventilation Open up barn Use more bedding Pre-lambing shearing

Antibiotics Feeding 60-65 mg/day 6 weeks prior to lambing Results 65-73%  in lamb losses University of Wyoming S.D. State University

Intestinal Disorders - Causes Wet bedding Stress Inadequate colostrum

Newborn Management 1 - Colostrum intake 2 - Clip - Dip - Strip minimum 2 ounces/8 pounds ideal 10% of BW first 24 hrs. 2 - Clip - Dip - Strip castrate and dock early 3 - Lambing Jugs 4 x 6, 5 x 5 S 24 hr, Tw 48 hr, Tr 72 hr 4 - Observe often 5 - Check for inverted eyelids

Mastitis Management Early weaning 60 days or less Dry up ewes prior to weaning Reduce protein Reduce energy Remove water ?

Vaginal Prolapse Prevention/treatment Induce lambing Harness Prolapse spoon Suture Reduce roughage Condition score ewes Cull

Infectious diseases Soremouth Contagious ecthyma or Orf zoonotic disease a pox virus nuisance disease wide spread through out industry vaccinate away concerns

Coccidiosis Parasite Symptoms diarrhea attacks intestinal lining bloody unthrifty long term poor doers

Coccidiosis Management problem Clean water Clean feeders Environmental contamination Lambs 4-10 weeks of age weaning stress increases risk

Coccidiosis Preventatives Bovatec Deccox Individual treatments Problem adequate intake via creep Treat environment

Sudden death Causes: white muscle disease coccidiosis pneumonia trauma enterotoxemia

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia OPP Slow virus, retrovirus 10% of infected show symptoms hard bad, minimal milk flow arthritis in rams wasting, thin ewes method of transfer colostrum intake aerosol caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE)

OPP Treatment None Becoming OPP free Blood test AGID, very specific & low sensitivity ELISA, very sensitive but less specific delayed sero-conversion Orphan rearing and two site production

OPP OPP free flocks do exist OPP Free Sheep Breeders Society Precautions: Multiple negative tests Colostrum sources Tubing lambs

Caseous lymphadenitis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cheesy abscesses along the lymph system maybe internal or external unthrifty to no affect leading cause of chronic wasting carcass condemnation > 25% of all ewe and ram carcasses

Caseous lymphadenitis Treatment none Management Oral or external exposure Minimize wounds Shearing order Vaccination CaseBac

Epididymitis Ram lambs Hot rations Responds to LA 200 Temporary infertility

Epididymitis Mature rams Cause Brucella Ovis ELISA test large operations large ram groups permanent reduced fertility

Club Lamb Fungus Zoonotic disease http://www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/animaldisease/g1075.htm show lamb industry similar to ringworm

Abortion Agents Campylobacter Enzootic Abortion Ewes Toxoplasmosis Cache Valley Virus Listeria