Nuclear Fission and Fusion

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Warm - Up What do you know, or think you know, about nuclear fission and fusion?

Objectives Today I will be able to: Distinguish between different types of radiation with respect to their penetration power. Complete a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast nuclear fission and fusion. Review atom concepts to prepare for an exam

Homework Study for the Atom Exam on Monday/ Tuesday of Next Week Keep working on data collection for STEM fair

Agenda Warm – up Collect STEM introductions Review Gamma, Positron and Electron Capture Radioactivity Equation Practice Nuclear Chemistry Notes Fission vs. Fusion Venn Diagram Atom Exam Review Exit Ticket

Radiation Composition & Symbol Is shielded or stopped by? Alpha Beta Gamma

Radiation Composition & Symbol Is shielded or stopped by? Alpha 2 p+ and 2 n0 Beta Stream of high speed e- Gamma Very high energy electromagnetic radiation

Shielding Radiation , aluminum Which type of radiation is the most penetrating? gamma rays Which type of radiation do you think is most dangerous? gamma rays Sun glasses have UVA and UVB protection. The UV-A stand for ultra violet alpha particles and the UV-B stands for ultra violet beta particles. Almost all sunglasses offer 100% UVA protection. Be sure to get 100% UVB protection as well.

Radiation Composition & Symbol Is shielded or stopped by? Alpha 2 p+ and 2 n0 paper Beta Stream of high speed e- Clothing, wood Gamma Very high energy electromagnetic radiation Concrete, lead

Nuclear Fission A heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei of intermediate mass.

Atomic Bombs Atomic bombs are an example of Fission Reactions. “Little boy” and “Fat man” were Atomic bombs made from fission reactions with uranium and plutonium respectively. A fission chain reaction is started and continues until the bomb destroys itself.

Little Boy and Fat Man

Nuclear Power Plants http://www.uic.com.au/graphics/US%20Nuclear%20map.jpg map: Nuclear Energy Institute

Nuclear Power Plants Uranium-235 undergoes nuclear fission and releases thermal (heat) energy. This turns water to steam which spins turbines. The turbines produce electrical energy. Nuclear waste is fuel rods with unreacted uranium and radioactive products of fission. Right now this waste is buried in waste management facilities, like Yucca Mountain.

Maryland Nuclear Power Plant Calvert Cliffs is Maryland’s nuclear power plant

http://www. cleanenergyinsight http://www.cleanenergyinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/yuccamountain.jpg

Nuclear Fusion Low-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.

Hydrogen Bombs Hydrogen bombs are an example of nuclear fusion. Two isotopes of hydrogen, 2H and 3H, fuse together and produce a lot of energy in the process. H-bombs release significantly more energy than atomic bombs.

The Sun: Nuclear Fusion + + + Energy Four hydrogen nuclei (protons) Two beta particles (electrons) One helium nucleus

Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion

Release huge amounts of energy Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion High temp and pressure are used to combine light atoms to make heavier atoms Ex: Fuels the sun and stars & Hydrogen Bombs A heavy atom splits into two or more lighter nuclei Ex: Atomic Bombs & Nuclear reactors Release huge amounts of energy Produce nuclear waste

Comparing Fission and Fusion http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/03/72203-035-4D92BDBC.jpg

Did You Know ? http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/documents/89.jpg

The Next Slide The next slide shows a great flow diagram that links a lot of radioactive decay concepts.

http://images4. wikia. nocookie http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20060611033960/schools/images/0/0b/Chart.JPG

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