An Analysis of IPv6 Security CmpE-209: Team Research Paper Presentation CmpE-209 / Spring Presented by: Dedicated Instructor: Hiteshkumar Thakker Prof. Richard Sinn Jimish Shah Network security Krunal Soni Department of CmpE Engg Kuldipsinh Rana Nghia Nguyen Sajjad Tabib 04/08/2008

Agenda Introduction to IPv6 ◦ IPv6 vs IPv4 IPsec Protocol IPv6 Deployment IPv6 Security Issues ◦ Recconnaissance ◦ Redirect Attacks ◦ Spoofing Attacks in Tunneling ◦ Dual-Stack Attacks ◦ Teredo Attacks Summary CmpE-209 / Spring 20082

Introduction to IPv6 What is IPv6 ??? ◦ Network layer protocol used for Internet which is replacing IPv4 Why IPv6 ??? Exhaustion of IPv4 Address Pool Larger Address Space (3.4 x addresses) for global reachability and scalability Simplified header for Routing efficiency and performance Server-less auto-configuration, easier renumbering, multi- homing, and improved plug and play support Security with mandatory IP Security (IPSec) support CmpE-209 / Spring 20083

Simplified IPv6 Header CmpE-209 / Spring 20084

IPsec IPsec is a suite of protocols that provide network layer security. What it means to provide network layer security? ◦ Network Layer Confidentiality ◦ Source Authentication Main security goals ◦ Confidentiality ◦ Integrity ◦ Authentication CmpE-209 / Spring 20085

IPsec protocols Two protocols in IPsec that provide security. ◦ AH: Authentication Header protocol  Source authentication  Data Integrity  No confidentiality ◦ ESP: Encapsulation Security Payload  Authentication  Data Integrity  Confidentiality

Authentication Header Protocol Procedure 1. Host establishes Security Association (SA) with Destination. ◦ SA is a handshake which creates a logical connection between two machines and establishes a common secret key to be used for 2. Host send secure datagrams to desintation 3. Destination determines the SA from SPI field of the datagram. 4. Destination authenticates datagram based on SA and Authentication data field. 1.AH usews HMAC for authentication and integrity on Authentication data.

AH Protocol Diagram

ESP: Encapsulation Security Payload Authentication mechanism similar to AH – Establish SA, etc. Provides confidentiality by encrypting the TCP/UDP segment using DES-CBC.

ESP – Diagram

IPv6 Deployment Flag Day - x Dual-Stack: to allow IPv4 and IPv6 to co- exist in the same networks Tunneling: IPv6 node on sending side of tunnel puts its IPv6 datagram in data field of IPv4 datagram. Now more than 15 methods available for transition. CmpE-209 / Spring

IPv6 Security Issues Reconnaissance in IPv6 Neighbor Discovery attacks Anycast and Addressing Security L3-L4 spoofing attacks in tunneling Attacks through teredo Routing header type-0 attack Attacks through header manipulation and fragmentation Dual-Stack Attack CmpE-209 / Spring

Recconnaissance in IPv subnet addresses are in IPv6 So, harder to scan every address though scan million packets per second- It will take years to find the one host on the network. It is possible in IPv4 through NMAP, but IPv6 does not support NMAP. Pros and cons CmpE-209 / Spring

Other Security Issues Addressing Security Effects of self-generated addresses ◦ Addresses can be “stolen” by others [DoS] ◦ Addresses cannot have pre-established IPsec ◦ IPsec hard to set up in advance as It requires SA and destination address No authorization mechanism exists for anycast destination addresses ◦ Spoofing is possible Attacks through Header manipulation and Fragmentation ◦ Routing Header Type - 0 mechanism issue ◦ Fragmentation ◦ Flow label CmpE-209 / Spring

Neighbor Discovery Attacks Redirect Attacks: A malicious node redirects packets away from a legitimate receiver to another node on the link Denial of Service Attacks(DoS): A malicious node prevents communication between the node under attack and other nodes Flooding Attacks: A malicious node redirects other hosts’ traffic to a victim node creating a flood of bogus traffic at the victim host MIPv6 Challenges CmpE-209 / Spring

Redirect Attacks CmpE-209 / Spring

Spoofing Attacks in Tunneling CmpE-209 / Spring

Solution on the way… CmpE-209 / Spring

IPv6 Dual-stack Attack CmpE-209 / Spring

Prevention using Multiple addresses CmpE-209 / Spring

Attack by Teredo(UDP Port-3544) CmpE-209 / Spring

Precautions to stop attacks Block protocol 41 Handle Teredo as a “dangerous UDP port” at IPv4 firewalls Look for Router Advertisements and Neighbor Discovery Packets (SEND) CmpE-209 / Spring

Security Threats similar to IPv4 Sniffing: without IPsec, IPv6 is no more or less likely to fall victim to a sniffing attack than IPv4 Application Layer Attack: Even with IPsec, the majority of vulnerabilities on the internet today are at the application layer, something that IPsec will do nothing to prevent. Rogue Devices will be as easy to insert into an IPv6 network as in IPv4. Man-in-the-middle-attacks(MITM): without IPsec, any attacks utilizing MITM will have the same likelihood in IPv6 as in IPv4. Flooding attacks CmpE-209 / Spring

Summary IPv6 makes some things better, other things worse, and most things are just different, but no more or less secure Better: Automated scanning and worm propagation is harder due to huge subnets Worse: Increased complexity in addressing and configuration Lack of familiarity with IPv6 among operators Vulnerabilities in transition techniques Dual-stack infrastructures require both IPv4 and IPv6 security rules CmpE-209 / Spring

Conclusion Security in IPv6 is very much like in IPv4 IPsec is mandatory for the security of IPv6 IPv6(IP sec) are still emerging technologies IPv6 is a very complex protocol Its code is new and Untested, so while testing also there could be attack on existing network Research is going on to overcome threats by IETF Secure Transition is a major goal of IPv6 now. CmpE-209 / Spring

References htm htm CmpE-209 / Spring

Thank You !! CmpE-209 / Spring

Questions ??? CmpE-209 / Spring