M.E. Wilson Pig Reproduction Pan Pacific Pork Expo 2006

30 Pigs weaned/ sow/ year

Economics of reproduction US cents per market pig/EBV point above the average $2.35 improvement in each generation

5 Natural Mating Natural Service vs Artificial Insemination

Natural Service Artificial Insemination Total sperm cells billion3 billion Total volume200 – 400 ml75-85 ml Seminal Plasma/ insemination ml8-12 ml

Boar IDVolume% viable cellsMean recovery % % % % % Lebowa and Wilson, unpublished data, 2005 Which Boar will have the Highest Fertility?

Mean Fertility Results Boar IDservicesFarrowing %Total born Lebowa and Wilson, unpublished data, 2005

Single Boar Two different Boars Number of Matings % conception Litter Size Thacker and Kirkwood, 1988 Effects of heterospermic matings verses homospermic matings on litter size

Comparison of Breeding Methods United Feeds, 1998 Method Number of Litters Farrowing rate % Total born - mummy AI- 2 different boars Combo - 1 natural 1AI Natural serv AI- 1boar A A A B Different superscripts P<.05 B B

Ultrasonography Monitoring Ovarian Activity No Follicles Follicles Kemp and Soede, 1996 follicles

Interval between insemination and ovulation Sows with >90% Normal Embryos Fertilization % Insemination Pre-ovulation Ovulation Post-ovulation The effects of the interval between insemination and ovulation on Fertilization rate and embryo viability (Soede, et.al., 1995a)

Synchronized Estrus and ovulation 500 – 750 IU of eCG Pregnecol (Canada) 400 IU eCG and 200 IU hCG (PG 600) 42 hours after hCG ovulation typically occurs hours after pLH ovulation will be induced

Billions sperm cells/dose Number of doses IUI Managing dose potential per boar

The issue is not TECHNOLOGY The issue is IMPLEMENTATION

Transcervical Deep Uterine Artificial Insemination Traditional

TreatmentNTotal Pigs+/- Control Conventional 4 billion IUI 4 billion IUI 1 billion IUI.5 billion The number of pigs per 100 matings with 0.5, 1 or 4 billion cells transcervical 1 or 4 billion cells intra cervical 1 Transcervical catheter passage was 94%. Hemorrhaging observed on Catheter 4% of matings (n=620) K. Rozeboom

Sexed Sperm Cells Non-surgical implantation of embryos Frozen Semen Expanding genetic potential and reducing variation

Let’s jump into the future

Sperm sexing technology Based on the fact that more (2.8% – 7%) DNA is contained in X-bearing than in Y- bearing sperm

Surgically Flushing Embryos

Midwest Commercial ET Project Embryo Survival to Birth from Farrowed Sows Piglet Genotype Total Born Embryos Transferred (farrowed sows only) Pigs per Embryo Duroc White Total

Litter of 14 pigs from non-surgical transfer 15 embryos transferred 14 pigs born alive

Cloning Dolly, the sheep (1996) First mammal to be cloned from adult cells (mammary) Dolly Surrogate mother

Viable cloned offspring (litter size ave. = 4-8) Adult donor Cloned embryos Transferred within 24 hrs - Porcine Surgical transfer into oviduct clones Chromatin Transfer

Benefits of Cloning Advance superior genetics Feed efficiency Rate of gain Carcass traits Gene markers for disease Research model Removes more variation Medical models Testing human diseases