The 2 nd Agricultural Revolution was a:  revolt by farmers protesting low prices of farm products in the early 1800s  period of rapid technology innovation leading to improved crop yields and crop surpluses  period of history in which small farms were combined into larger ones and run by the government, creating improved crop yields and crop surpluses  rapid increase in numbers of farmers and farm production caused by loss of manufacturing jobs and shift of workers from urban industry to rural agriculture.

Unit 5 Industrial Revolution & Society’s Response

THE CHANGES THAT SWEPT GREAT BRITAIN IN THE 18 TH CENTURY AND EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICAN DURING THE 19 TH CENTURIES TRANSFORMED THE WESTERN WORLD FROM A RURAL SOCIETY TO AN URBAN ONE.

NEW FARMING METHODS … CREATED A FOOD REVOLUTION OFTEN CALLED the 2 ND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

The 2 nd Agricultural Revolution was a:  revolt by farmers protesting low prices of farm products in the early 1800s  period of rapid technology innovation leading to improved crop yields and crop surpluses  period of history in which small farms were combined into larger ones and run by the government, creating improved crop yields and crop surpluses  rapid increase in numbers of farmers and farm production caused by loss of manufacturing jobs and shift of workers from urban industry to rural agriculture.

The 2 nd Agricultural Revolution was a: 10 pts

U5 Lesson 1 Handout Agricultural Innovations Connect the Innovation with its image

Agricultural Innovation STEAM TRACTOR – replacement of horse drawn plow allowed 1 man to do the work of 3. Food production increased despite the decrease in agricultural labor force.

Agricultural Innovation ENCLOSURE SYSTEM – public communal land in Great Britain was purchased by wealthy landowners. Small plots were enclosed, then rented back to tenant farmers for planting. Landlords were given the freedom to experiment with new ways of farming and increasing production without interference of neighboring farmers. More laborers for industrial workforce. Many farmers were forced off of their farms and had to move to cities to look for work.

Agricultural Innovation CROP ROTATION – since ancient times, fields were left unplanted for a season to allow the soil to recover. Viscount Charles Townsend discovered that planting every year was possible if one rotated the types of crops planted in the same field each year.

Agricultural Innovation FERTILIZER – scientists discovered that synthetic fertilizers were more effective in increasing crop yields than natural treatments (manure).

Agricultural Innovation REAPER – a horse drawn device invented by American Cyrus McCormick that could harvest the crop much more efficiently than workers using scythes. With the reaper fewer workers were needed to harvest the crop.

Agricultural Innovation SEED DRILL this device was “re- invented” during the Agricultural Revolution. Rather than scattering seeds by hand, it planted seeds under the soil at regular intervals. Crop yield per acre was dramatically increased. 10:35 – 15:16 European Seed Drill ca Click on Button and cue clip

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution 0:00 – 7:21 Click on Button

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Use the chart at left to answer the following questions

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Using this chart, what can we infer about the growth rate of urban populations?

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Answer: We know the Enclosure System forced many farmers to leave farming and seek jobs in cities. If fewer and fewer people are working in agriculture over time, we can INFER that these people are moving to the cities – THE RATE OF URBAN GROWTH IS INCREASING!

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Between 1800 and 1850, in which country can we INFER the urban population was growing at the fastest rate?  U.S.  FRANCE

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Between 1800 and 1850, in which country can we INFER the urban population was growing at the fastest rate? U.S.  FRANCE

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Between 1800 and 1850, in which country can we INFER the urban population was growing at the fastest rate?  U.S.  U.K

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Between 1800 and 1850, in which country can we INFER the urban population was growing at the fastest rate? U.S.  U.K

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Was this U.S. / U.K. trend still true between the years 1850 and 1900?  YES  NO

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution Was this U.S. / U.K. trend still true between the years 1850 and 1900? YES  NO

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution How can you tell?

Agricultural Innovation and the Industrial Revolution How can you tell? The slope of the line indicating a decline in % of agricultural workers is slightly steeper for U.S. than it is for U.K.

SUMMARY

NEW FARMING METHODS … created a FOOD REVOLUTION OFTEN CALLED the 2 ND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Agricultural Innovation ENCLOSURE SYSTEM

Agricultural Innovation CROP ROTATION

Agricultural Innovation STEAM TRACTOR

Agricultural Innovation FERTILIZER

Agricultural Innovation REAPER

Agricultural Innovation SEED DRILL European Seed Drill ca. 1828

U5 Lesson 1 Handout 2 Consequences of the Agricultural Revolution Work in pairs to place the events in the proper cause & effect order