People Ethical Treatment Animals

People Eating Tasty Animals

M EATS

O BJECTIVES Identify the differences between beef, pork, and lamb cuts; Diagram and identify the wholesale cuts of beef, pork, and lamb; List retail meat cuts and identify the wholesale cut that it came from; Explain the yield and quality grades of meat; Describe the influence grade has on preparation procedures and retail price; List signs and causes of meat spoilage; and Judge a class of meat cuts.

A. I DENTIFY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BEEF, PORK, AND LAMB CUTS Beef: Cherry Red color, white fat, larger size Pork: Pale pink color and white fat Lamb: Darker red color, white fat, small size

B. D IAGRAM AND IDENTIFY THE WHOLESALE CUTS OF BEEF, PORK, AND LAMB Chuck Plate Loin Round Flank Shank Brisket Rib BEEF

Loin Side Ham Shoulder Jowel Pork

Shoulder Leg Rib Breast Loin Lamb

C. L IST RETAIL MEAT CUTS AND IDENTIFY THE WHOLESALE CUT THAT IT CAME FROM T Bone Steak 7 Bone Steak/Roast Eye Steak Brisket Round Steak/Roast Flank Steak Short Ribs Cross Cuts

Jowel Shoulder Loin Ham Side Jowel Bacon Ham Loin Chop Boston Blade

Shoulder Rib Breast Loin Leg Breast Loin Chop Rib Chop American Style Roast Arm Chop

D. E XPLAIN THE YIELD AND QUALITY GRADES OF MEAT Quality Grade: based on two factors: 1- Maturity of the carcass - determined by observing bone and cartilage. -Young carcass=soft bone with pearl white cartilage -Old carcass= Low amounts of cartilage and hard bones -older carcass= less tender meat 2- Amount of Marbling “Marbling”- intramuscular fat or flecks of fat in the lean muscle that gives it taste

S EVEN Q UALITY G RADES : 1-Prime4-Standard 2-Choice5-Commercial 3-Select6-Utility Prime Choice Select Standard Utility Commercial

Y IELD G RADE measure of the boneless, closely trimmed retail cut also known as “cutability” a scale of 1 to 5 is used to judge Yield - 1 is the highest, 5 is the lowest

E. D ESCRIBE THE INFLUENCE GRADE HAS ON PREPARATION PROCEDURES AND RETAIL PRICE Retail Price: Consumers are willing to pay a higher price for higher quality meat. VS

Meat with little marbling is tougher and therefore needs to be cooked at a lower temp over a long period of time. Cooking Procedures Meat with more marbling is more tender and can be cooked at a higher temperature

F. L IST SIGNS AND CAUSES OF MEAT SPOILAGE Meat is considered “spoiled” when it is unfit for human consumption. The major causes of spoiling are: Microorganisms Bacteria Yeast Mold

S IGNS OF M EAT S POILAGE Odor Slime Mold Growth Discoloration

H OW TO J UDGE M EAT C UTS Observe and Rank According to: Highest amount of lean meat Least amount of exterior fat Highest content of intramuscular fat or “Marbling” vs

G. J UDGE A CLASS OF MEAT CUTS

I PLACE THIS CLASS : \ ______ - ______ - ______ - _____ Reasons: 1 st Place I place #4 at the top of the class because: It has the most meat and marbling, with the least amount of fat 2 nd Place #3 places 2 nd because: It has a good amount of meat, but slightly less marbling and more fat than #4. 3 rd Place #1 places 3 rd because: It has less meat and much less marbling than #3 and #4. 4 th Place #2 places last because: It has the least amount of meat and the most fat Official Cuts:

P LACE A CLASS OF PORK CHOPS Official Placing 4 – 1 – 3 – 2 Official Cuts 4 – 6 – 3

FFA A PPLICATION : M EAT E VALUATION AND T ECHNOLOGY Meat Cut ID Written Test Quality and Yield Grading Carcass placing Team Activity