Finite Temperature Spin Correlations in Quantum Magnets with a Spin Gap Collin Broholm* Johns Hopkins University and NIST Center for Neutron Research *supported.

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Finite Temperature Spin Correlations in Quantum Magnets with a Spin Gap Collin Broholm* Johns Hopkins University and NIST Center for Neutron Research *supported by the NSF through DMR Ca 2+ Y 3+ Quantum Magnets at T=0 From coherent singlet to paramagnet - Large gap : Coupled spin-1/2 dimers - Small gap : Haldane spin-1 chain Conclusions

Guangyong Xu and D. H. Reich Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University G. Aeppli, M. E. Bisher, and M. M. J. Treacy NEC Research Institute J. F. DiTusa Physics and Astronomy, Lousiana State University C. D. Frost and M. A. Adams ISIS Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory T. ItoK. Oka Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan H. Takagi ISSP, University of Tokyo A. Tennant, G. Granroth, and S. Nagler Oak Ridge National Laboratory Collaborators

ICM2000 8/11/00 Magnetic Neutron Scattering

ICM2000 8/11/00 SPINS Cold neutron triple axis spectrometer at NCNR

ICM2000 8/11/00 Focusing analyzer system on SPINS

Y 2 BaNiO 5 Ito, Oka, and Takagi Cu(NO 3 ) D 2 O Guangyong Xu

ICM2000 8/11/00 Simple example of “Quantum” magnet Cu(NO 3 ) D 2 O : dimerized spin-1/2 system Only Inelastic magnetic scattering Only Inelastic magnetic scattering

ICM2000 8/11/00 Dispersion relation for triplet waves Dimerized spin-1/2 system: copper nitrate Xu et al PRL May 2000

ICM2000 8/11/00  A spin-1/2 pair with AFM exchange has a singlet - triplet gap: Qualitative description of excited states J  Inter-dimer coupling allows coherent triplet propagation and produces well defined dispersion relation  Triplets can also be produced in pairs with total S tot =1

Creating two triplets with one neutron One magnon Two magnon Tennant et al (2000)

ICM2000 8/11/00 Heating coupled dimers

ICM2000 8/11/00 SMA fit to scattering data T-Parameters extracted from fit More than 1000 data points per parameter!

ICM2000 8/11/00 T-dependence of singlet-triplet mode

ICM2000 8/11/00 Types of Quantum magnets  Definition: small or vanishing frozen moment at low T:  Conditions that yield quantum magnetism  Low effective dimensionality  Low spin quantum number  geometrical frustration  dimerization  weak connectivity  interactions with fermions  Novel coherent states

ICM2000 8/11/00 2 Y 2 BaNiO 5 : spin 1 AFM One dimensional spin-1 antiferromagnet Y 2 BaNiO 5 Ni 2+ Impure Pure

ICM2000 8/11/00 Macroscopic singlet ground state of S=1 chain This is exact ground state for spin projection Hamiltonian Magnets with 2S=nz have a nearest neighbor singlet covering with full lattice symmetry. Excited states are propagating bond triplets separated from the ground state by an energy gap Haldane PRL 1983 Affleck, Kennedy, Lieb, and Tasaki PRL 1987

ICM2000 8/11/00 Two length scales in a quantum magnet 2 Y 2 BaNiO 5 : spin 1 AFM Equal time correlation length Triplet Coherence length : length of coherent triplet wave packet

ICM2000 8/11/00 Coherence in a fluctuating system   Coherent triplet propagation   Short range G.S. spin correlations

ICM2000 8/11/00 Mix in thermally excited triplets Coherence length approaches Correlation length for Coherence length approaches Correlation length for

ICM2000 8/11/00 Coherence and correlation lengths versus T Damle and Sachdev semi-classical theory of triplet scattering Damle and Sachdev semi-classical theory of triplet scattering Jolicoeur and Golinelly Quantum non-linear  model Jolicoeur and Golinelly Quantum non-linear  model

ICM2000 8/11/00 q=  Triplet creation spectrum versus T Triplet relaxes due to interaction with thermal triplet ensemble Triplet relaxes due to interaction with thermal triplet ensemble There is slight “blue shift” with increasing T There is slight “blue shift” with increasing T Anisotropy fine structure

ICM2000 8/11/00 Resonance energy and relaxation rate versus T Jolicoeur and Golinelli Quantum non-linear  model Jolicoeur and Golinelli Quantum non-linear  model Damle and Sachdev

ICM2000 8/11/00 Conclusions  Strong coupling : Alternating spin chain  Thermally activated triplet relaxation  Wave-vector dependent relaxation  Thermally activated band narrowing  Weak coupling : Haldane spin-1 chain  Coherence length decreases with mean triplet spacing   model accounts for T-dependent equal- t correlation length  Triplet relaxation due to semi classical triplet scattering   -model over estimates thermally activated blue shift  Notable strong/weak coupling differences  Different power-law pre-factor to T-dependent relaxation rate  Theory not yet in place for strong coupling case