Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A wide variety of conditions in which psychological conflicts are translated into physical problems or complaints. Impair functioning, ________________. ___________________________. Won’t be indicated on physical or neurological tests. SOMATOFORM DISORDERS soma = “body” in Greek Clip art copyright © Used with permission.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. _________________: A somatoform disorder involving the translation of unacceptable drives or troubling conflicts into physical symptoms.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Four categories of symptoms: CONVERSION DISORDER  Motor symptoms or deficits.  Sensory symptoms or deficits.  _______________________.  Mixed presentations. ____________________ – seem unconcerned with symptoms

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ___________________: A somatoform disorder involving the expression of psychological issues through bodily problems that have no basis in physiological function.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. SOMATIZATION DISORDER May be exaggerating a real physical condition. Not deliberately “faking.” __________________. Do not voluntarily seek ____________.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Related to somatization disorder is pain disorder. Pain Disorder: A somatoform disorder in which the only symptom is _____________________ _____________________ ______________

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Somatoform disorder in which people are preoccupied, almost to the point of being delusional, ________________________________ _______________________.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER Gender based concerns.  Men - Body build, genitals, hair.  Women - Weight, breast size or shape, facial features, scars, aging. The “defects” are ______________________________. Obsessed with looking at it, thinking about it, concealing it.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hypochondriasis: Somatoform disorder characterized by the misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as __________________________.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. HYPOCHONDRIASIS _____________ with perceived abnormal functioning. Distress that medical tests do not confirm their fears. Many also suffer __________________. Unlike somatization or conversion disorder, there is no abnormal bodily function or medical symptoms.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. RELATED CONDITIONS These conditions and behaviors also involve a focus on the body, but are not somatoform disorders because the individuals know they are not really ill. MALINGERING (__________________) ______________ DISORDER (inner need to maintain sick role)  MUNCHAUSEN’S SYNDROME  FACTITIOUS (or MUNCHAUSEN’S) BY PROXY

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. THEORIES OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS MOTIVATIONS FOR ILLNESS  Primary gain  Secondary gain INTEGRATIVE EXPLANATION

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. TREATMENT OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Explore _____________________. _____________________. Provide behavioral techniques to control symptoms.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Dissociative Disorders

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Dissociative identity disorder: A dissociative disorder, formerly called multiple personality disorder, in which an individual develops more than one self or personality.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Alters _____________________ Host ________________ The disorder is highly controversial. Clip art copyright © Used with permission.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Dissociative Identity Disorder “__________” usually sudden and may be dramatic  _________________ relationships – have no awareness of one another  Mutually cognizant patterns – each is well aware of the rest  One-way amnesic relationships – most common pattern; some personalities are aware of others, but the awareness is not mutual Subpersonality differences: Vital statistics, abilities and preferences, physiological response

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. THEORIES OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Highly Traumatic Childhood Explanation vs. ______________ Model (enact roles demanded by a situation)

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. GOAL  ________________. METHODS  Hypnotherapy  Cognitive Behavioral Techniques TREATMENT OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA Unable to remember details and experiences associated with traumatic or stressful event Four forms:  _____________ – all events during a specified time  Selective – some events are forgotten  _______________ – can’t remember anything at all  Continuous – failure to recall events from a certain event to the present time

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE formerly called psychogenic fugue Dissociative ________: A dissociative disorder in which a person, confused about personal identity, suddenly and unexpectedly travels to another place and is unable to recall past history or identity.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER Depersonalization: An altered experience of the self, ranging from feeling that one's body is not connected to one's mind to the feeling that one is not real. Depersonalization: An altered experience of the self, ranging from feeling that one's body is not connected to one's mind to the feeling that one is not real. Depersonalization Disorder: A dissociative disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent and persistent episodes of depersonalization. Depersonalization Disorder: A dissociative disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent and persistent episodes of depersonalization.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. People who feign illness because they like “being sick” are diagnosed with a ___ disorder. A. factitious B. somatoform C. psychogenic D. psychophysiological

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A person who interprets minimal symptoms as signs of serious physical problems and suffers significant anxiety and depression as a result might be diagnosed with a A. Conversion disorder B. Somatoform pain disorder C. Hysterical somatoform disorder D. Preoccupation somatoform disorder