BrainstormING Evidence & Research.

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Presentation transcript:

BrainstormING Evidence & Research

Topic Resolved: On balance, students in grade 6-12 benefit when their schools offer interscholastic sports.

Dealing with New Topics 1. Define and understand key terms 2. Make a list of all pro/con arguments – know the arguments!

Brainstorm Key Terms Balance Benefit Resolved: On balance, students in grade 6-12 benefit when their schools offer interscholastic sports. Two key words: Balance Benefit

On balance All students, not just athletes Can be some positives and negatives, but one outweighs the other Therefore, the debate becomes what’s more important Education Health Happiness Economics Gender Skills

Benefit Benefiting STUDENTS (approx. 12-18 years old) Benefits how? Not Schools Not Parents Benefit some groups not others Benefits how? Education Health Happiness Economics Gender Skills

Advanced tips Research all sides of the major issues and specific examples Expand outward – keep trying to figure out the truth

Pros & Cons Education Health Happiness Economics Gender Skills

Evidence What is evidence? Supporting material known or discovered, but not created by the advocate.

Forms of Evidence Facts, e.g., Statistics Examples Hypothetical Examples Literal Examples Testimony – authoritative opinion

Tests of Evidence Source credibility Source bias Recency Internal Consistency Completeness Corroboration (external consistency)

Citing Evidence According to a 2013 evaluation by the University of Chicago, competitive sports create lasting improvements in boys’ study habits and mental maturity. Thus participating in interscholastic sports helps students perform better in their future career. Fortune Magazine finds 95% of Fortune 500 executives participated in high school athletics. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found that men at age 32 who have played high school sports are paid 31% higher wages than men who have not.

Research Methods Keys to effective research: Do it early Good search terms Quotations, keywords, truncation, maximize operators Use the advanced search Be aware of how results are displayed Focus on more than one source Effective filtering of results Disregard irrelevant articles Read summary; first/last paragraph Apply the tests of evidence, e.g., recency, bias, etc.

Research Methods Google www.google.com Scholar Sort by date Advanced Search News Books

Hierarchy of Evidence Consensus of empirical studies Empirical Evidence/Consensus of expert opinion Expert Opinion/Consensus of lay opinion Lay Opinion (outside area of expertise) Judicial Notice or Common Knowledge Assertion