©2003 Mark S. Davis Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions Solution Stoichiometry.

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Presentation transcript:

©2003 Mark S. Davis Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions Solution Stoichiometry

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Solution composition Solvent : – Solute : –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Electrolytes Defined: – –NaCl (aq)

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Nonelectrolyte Defined: – –C 12 H 22 O 11

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Review Ionic solids – –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Ionic Compounds in Water Ions Why do ionic compounds dissolve? – –Stabilizes ions in solution

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Molecular Compounds Do not Some can react with water to form ions –NH 3

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Strong Electrolytes Complete –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Weak Electrolytes Incomplete –HC 2 H 3 O 2  H + + C 2 H 3 O 2 -

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Precipitation Reactions Formation of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2KI  2KNO 3 + PbI 2

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Practice Which of the following are insoluble? –NaNO 3 –Ca(OH) 2 –AgCl

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Metathesis Reactions Generally… AX + BY  AY + BX

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Practice Write the reaction when solutions of Barium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed. Write the reaction when solutions of silver nitrate and magnesium iodide are mixed.

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Types of Equations Molecular Complete ionic Net ionic –Most important!! –Spectator ions deleted

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Acid/Base Reactions Acids – Bases –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Strong Acids/Bases Complete Dissociation – –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Weak Acids/Bases Incomplete dissociation – –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Carbonic Acid H 2 CO 3 – Special case… When you see H 2 CO 3 in the product of a metathesis rxn, write it as

© 2003 Mark S. Davis You should know… 7 strong acids – Strong bases –

© 2003 Mark S. Davis What Happens? When aqueous hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide are mixed?

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Practice Write the balanced equation for the reaction between Calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid.

© 2003 Mark S. Davis REDOX

© 2003 Mark S. Davis

MOLARITY Is a concentration expression Units are moles/liter

© 2003 Mark S. Davis What is the concentration in Molarity of a solution that has moles of potassium chloride dissolved to make liters of solution?

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Example Show how to make 1.00 liters of a solution of NaCl that has a concentration of 2 M

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Practice What is the molarity of a solution in which g of NaNO 3 has been dissolved and diluted to L?

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Going Backwards How many moles of KCl have been dissolved to make L of a solution that is M ?

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Practice How many grams of solid Na 2 SO 4 are needed to make L of M Na 2 SO 4 ?

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Dilution Adding deionized water to change the concentration of a solution Moles solute before = moles after

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Dilution equation M initial V initial =M final V final

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Example What is the concentration when mL of 18.4 M H 2 SO 4 is added to mL of water?

© 2003 Mark S. Davis Electrolytes Defined:

© 2003 Mark S. Davis