Characters and Strings. Characters  New primitive char  char letter; letter = ‘a’; char letter2 = ‘C’;  Because computers can only represent numbers,

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Presentation transcript:

Characters and Strings

Characters  New primitive char  char letter; letter = ‘a’; char letter2 = ‘C’;  Because computers can only represent numbers, Characters have ASCII values

Characters

 These values can be used in comparisons and in calculations:  char letter = ‘a’ + ‘c’;  char letter = (char) 70;  int valueOfX = (int) ‘X’;  ‘a’ < ‘b’

Strings  Strings are special objects  A String is a sequence of characters treated as a single value  String s = new String(“xyz”);  Its special because you can create them many different ways:  String s = “xyz”;  String s = inputBox.getString( );  s += “ABC”;

Strings  Strings are special objects  A String is a sequence of characters treated as a single value  String s = new String(“xyz”);  Its special because you can create them many different ways:  String s = new String(“xyz”);  String s = new String(inputBox.getString( ) );  s = new String( s + “ABC”);

Strings  Common String methods  length( ) - returns the length of the String  charAt(int i) – returns char at position I  CompareTo(String s) – 0 if equal, negative if this String is s  Substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) – returns a new String  equals(String s) – true or false  equalsIgnoreCase(String s) – true or false  Know these!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Strings  Example: // count the number of letter a’s in a string int count = 0; char a = ‘a’; String s = inputBox.getString(); for (int i = 0; I < s.length( ); i++){ if (s.charAt( i ) == a) count++; }